Mu bikoresho byimodoka hafi yimodoka zose zifite ibiziga, hariho ibintu byohereza imbaraga kuva mumikorere yimodoka kugeza kumuziga - inkoni.Ibintu byose byerekeranye na karuvati, ubwoko bwabyo, igishushanyo nuburyo bukoreshwa, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza ibi bice - soma ingingo yatanzwe.
Inkoni ya karuvati ni iki?
Inkoni yo kuyobora - ikintu cyimodoka yo kuyobora ibinyabiziga bifite ibiziga (usibye ibimashini nibindi bikoresho bifite ikariso yamenetse);Igice muburyo bwinkoni ifatanyijemo umupira (hinges), ituma ihererekanyabubasha ryingufu ziva mumikorere yimikorere yimikorere yimigozi yimodoka hamwe nibindi bice bigize moteri.
Imiyoborere yimodoka igabanijwemo ibice bibiri byingenzi: uburyo bwo kuyobora no gutwara.Uburyo bwo kuyobora bugenzurwa na ruline, hamwe nubufasha bwayo hashyizweho imbaraga zo guhinduranya ibiziga.Izi mbaraga zoherezwa kumuziga hifashishijwe ikinyabiziga, ni sisitemu yinkoni na leveri bihujwe na hinges.Kimwe mu bice byingenzi bigize disiki ni karuvati ihuza ahantu, igishushanyo nintego.
Inkoni yo kuyobora ifite imirimo myinshi:
● Kohereza imbaraga ziva muburyo bwo kuyobora ibice bifitanye isano na disiki no mu buryo butaziguye ku cyerekezo cy’ibiziga by’ibiziga;
Gufata inguni yatoranijwe yo kuzunguruka yibiziga mugihe ukora imyitozo;
Guhindura inguni yo kuzunguruka kwizunguruka bitewe nu mwanya wimodoka hamwe nibindi byahinduwe nibikoresho muri rusange.
Inkoni ya karuvati ikemura umurimo wingenzi wo kwimura imbaraga ziva muburyo bwimikorere ikayobora ibiziga, bityo, mugihe habaye imikorere mibi, ibi bice bigomba gusimburwa vuba bishoboka.Ariko kugirango uhitemo neza igitekerezo gishya, birakenewe gusobanukirwa ubwoko buriho, ibishushanyo nibiranga ibi bice.
Ubwoko nibisabwa bya karuvati
Inkoni zo guhambira zirashobora kugabanwa muburyo butandukanye ukurikije intego zazo, ibisabwa hamwe nuburyo bwo gushushanya.
Kubijyanye nibisabwa, hari ubwoko bubiri bwikurura:
● Kuri sisitemu yo kuyobora ishingiye ku inyo nubundi buryo bwo kuyobora hamwe na drayike muburyo bwa trapezoid;
● Kuri sisitemu yo kuyobora ishingiye kumurongo hamwe na moteri itaziguye.
Muri sisitemu yubwoko bwa mbere (hamwe na trapezoide yo kuyobora), hakoreshwa inkoni ebyiri cyangwa eshatu, bitewe n'ubwoko bwo guhagarika imitambiko ya tekinike na gahunda ya trapezoid:
● Kumurongo ufite ihagarikwa rishingiye: inkoni ebyiri - imwe ndende, iva muri bipodi, hamwe na transvers imwe, ihujwe na levers yimitwe yimodoka yibiziga;
● Kumurongo ufite ihagarikwa ryigenga: inkoni eshatu - imwe ndende ndende (hagati), ihujwe na bipod yuburyo bwo kuyobora, hamwe na bibiri birebire birebire, bihujwe hagati hamwe na leveri yimitwe yimodoka yibiziga.
Hariho kandi amahitamo ya trapezoide kumurongo hamwe no kwigenga byigenga hamwe ninkoni ebyiri zimpande zifitanye isano na bipod iyobora hagati.Nyamara, disiki ya gahunda nkiyi ikoreshwa cyane mubuyobozi bushingiye ku kuyobora, byasobanuwe hano hepfo.
Ubwoko na gahunda yo kuyobora trapezoid
Twabibutsa ko mu kuyobora trapezoide ya axe ifite ihagarikwa ryigenga, inkoni imwe ya karuvati ikoreshwa rwose, igabanijwemo ibice bitatu - byitwa inkoni yaciwe.Gukoresha inkoni ya karuvati yacitsemo ibice birinda gutandukana kwizunguruka ryizunguruka iyo utwaye ibinyabiziga mumuhanda bitewe na amplitude atandukanye yo kunyeganyega kwiziga ryiburyo n'ibumoso.Trapezoid ubwayo irashobora kuba imbere ninyuma yumurongo wibiziga, muburyo bwa mbere yitwa imbere, iyakabiri - inyuma (ntutekereze rero ko "trapezoide yinyuma" ari ibikoresho byayobora biri kuri umutambiko w'inyuma w'imodoka).
Muri sisitemu yo kuyobora ishingiye kuri rack, hifashishijwe inkoni ebyiri gusa - iburyo n'ibumoso bihinduranya kugirango utware ibiziga byiburyo n'ibumoso.Mubyukuri, iyi ni trapezoid iyobora ifite inkoni ndende itandukanijwe hamwe na hinge hagati - iki gisubizo cyoroshya cyane igishushanyo mbonera, cyongera kwizerwa.Inkoni zubu buryo burigihe zifite igishushanyo mbonera, ibice byinyuma byiswe inama yo kuyobora.
Inkoni zo guhambira zishobora kugabanywamo amatsinda abiri ukurikije amahirwe yo guhindura uburebure:
● Ntibisanzwe - inkoni imwe ifite uburebure bwatanzwe, ikoreshwa muri drives hamwe nizindi nkoni zishobora guhinduka cyangwa ibindi bice;
Guhindurwa - inkoni ikomatanya, bitewe nibice bimwe, irashobora guhindura uburebure bwayo mumipaka runaka kugirango ihindure ibikoresho.
Hanyuma, inkoni zirashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda menshi ukurikije ibisabwa - kumodoka namakamyo, kubinyabiziga bifite kandi bidafite ingufu, nibindi.
Igishushanyo mbonera
Igishushanyo cyoroheje gifite inkoni zitagengwa - zishingiye ku mwobo cyangwa icyuma cyose cyerekana umwirondoro (urashobora kugororoka cyangwa kugoramye ukurikije imiterere yimodoka), kumutwe umwe cyangwa kumpande zombi zifatanije nu mupira.Impeta ntizishobora gutandukanywa, zigizwe numubiri ufite umupira wumupira uri imbere hamwe nu mugozi wibiti byikamba hamwe nu mwobo uhinduranya kuri cotter pin;Hinge irashobora gufungwa hamwe na reberi kugirango irinde umwanda namazi.Kuruhande rwinyuma, amashoka yintoki zingingo zumupira ziherereye mu ndege imwe cyangwa yimuriwe ku nguni nto.Kubirebire birebire, amashoka ya pine ya hinge mubisanzwe atandukana.
Bimwe mubishushanyo mbonera bifite ibishushanyo mbonera byahinduwe.Muri ubwo buryo, hashobora gutangwa ibindi bintu:
Imirasire hamwe no kwagura ikigega hamwe na valve ihuriweho hamwe kumurongo umwe
● Mu nkoni ya axle hamwe no guhagarikwa biterwa - umwobo cyangwa hinge kugirango uhuze na bipod;
● Mu nkoni zifatizo zifite ihagarikwa ryigenga - ibyobo bibiri bitunganijwe neza cyangwa impeta zo guhuza inkoni zo ku ruhande;
● Mu nkoni zimodoka zifite hydrostatike (GORU) - agace cyangwa umwobo wo guhuza inkoni ya silindiri hydraulic GORU.
Nyamara, trapezoide ifite akaboko ka pendulum ikoreshwa cyane mumodoka nyinshi - muri ubwo buryo, hagati yo guhinduranya hagati ku nama zayo ifite umwobo wo gushiraho lendulum no kuyobora bipod.
Inkoni zo guhambiranya zigizwe nibice bibiri byingenzi: inkoni ubwayo hamwe ninama yo kuyobora.Impanuro muburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi irashobora guhindura imyanya yayo ugereranije nigitekerezo, igufasha guhindura uburebure bwigice.Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhindura, guterana bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri:
Guhindura insanganyamatsiko hamwe no gukosora;
Guhindura ukoresheje urudodo cyangwa uburyo bwa telesikopi hamwe no gukosora hamwe na karuvati.
Mugihe cyambere, inama ifite urudodo rwinjijwe mumutwe wa konte kumpera yinkoni, cyangwa ubundi, kandi gukosora kuva guhinduka bikorwa na locknut kumurongo umwe.Mugihe cya kabiri, isonga irashobora kandi kwinjizwa mu nkoni, cyangwa kuyinjizamo gusa, kandi gukosora kuva guhindurwa bikorwa na clamp ikomera hejuru yinyuma yinkoni.Gufunga gukomera birashobora kuba bigufi kandi bigakomera hamwe na bolt imwe gusa hamwe nutubuto, cyangwa ubugari hamwe no gufatisha ibice bibiri.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya karuvati hamwe na karuvati
Inkoni zose za karuvati zifatanije hamwe no mubindi bice bya sisitemu yo kuyobora - ibi bituma imikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu bibaho mugihe ikinyabiziga kigenda.Ishoka ya hinges ni imipira yumupira, yashyizwe mumyobo yibice byo guhuza hamwe nutubuto twambitswe ikamba.
Inkoni ikozwe mu byuma byo mu byiciro bitandukanye, irashobora kugira igifuniko cyo gukingira muburyo bwo gusiga irangi risanzwe cyangwa amashanyarazi hamwe nibyuma bitandukanye - zinc, chromium nibindi.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza inkoni ya karuvati
Inkoni zikoreshwa zikorerwa imitwaro ikomeye mugihe cyimikorere yimodoka, kuburyo zihita zidakoreshwa.Kenshi na kenshi, ibibazo bivuka mu mipira yumupira, kandi inkoni nazo ziterwa no guhinduka no gucika, bigakurikirwa no gusenya igice.Imikorere mibi yinkoni irashobora kugaragazwa no gusubira inyuma no gukubita uruziga, cyangwa, kurundi ruhande, uruziga rukabije cyane, gukomanga bitandukanye mugihe utwaye, kimwe no gutakaza umutekano uhagaze neza mumodoka (biganisha kuri ruhande).Mugihe ibi bimenyetso bigaragara, kuyobora bigomba gusuzumwa, kandi niba ibibazo byinkoni bibonetse, noneho bigomba gusimburwa.
Kubisimbuza, ugomba guhitamo izo nkoni ninama zashyizwe kumodoka mbere - ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kwemeza ko kuyobora bizakora neza.Niba ikibazo cyarabaye mu nkoni imwe cyangwa uruhande rumwe, noneho nibyiza gusimbuza ibi bice kubiri, naho ubundi haribishoboka cyane ko kuvunika inkoni kumuziga wa kabiri.
Gusimbuza inkoni bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza imodoka.Mubisanzwe, iki gikorwa kiza kumanura imodoka kuri jack, gusenya inkoni zishaje (kubwibyo nibyiza gukoresha puller idasanzwe) no gushiraho izindi nshya.Nyuma yo gusana, birasabwa guhindura guhuza ibiziga.Inkoni nshya ku binyabiziga bimwe na bimwe (cyane cyane amakamyo) bigomba gusigwa rimwe na rimwe, ariko mubisanzwe ibyo bice ntibisaba kubungabungwa mubuzima bwabo bwose.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gusimbuza inkoni za karuvati, gutwara bizaba byizewe kandi byizeye muburyo bwose bwo gutwara.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-26-2023