Muri moteri iyo ari yo yose ya piston igezweho harimo ibice byemeza ubukana bwicyumba cyo gutwika no gusiga amavuta ya silinderi - impeta ya piston.Soma byose kubyerekeye impeta za piston, ubwoko bwazo buriho, ibishushanyo mbonera n'imikorere, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza impeta mu ngingo yatanzwe.
Impeta ya piston ni iki?
Impeta ya piston - ibice bya silinderi-piston (CPG) ya moteri yaka imbere;impeta zidashobora gutandukana zashyizwe kuri piston kugirango zifunge icyumba cyaka, kugabanya igihombo cyamavuta ya moteri no kugabanya imyuka ya gaze yinjira mu kabati.
Kubikorwa bisanzwe bya moteri yo gutwika piston imbere, ni ngombwa cyane ko igitutu kirenga urwego runaka ntarengwa cyaremewe mucyumba cyaka nyuma yo guhagarika inkoni (iyo piston igeze hejuru yapfuye) - iyi parameter yitwa kwikuramo.Kuri moteri ya lisansi, kwikuramo biri mubirere 9-12, kubice bya mazutu iyi parameter ni 22-32 ikirere.Kugirango ugere kuri compression ikenewe, birakenewe ko hafungwa icyumba cyaka - iki kibazo gikemurwa nimpeta za piston.
Impeta ya piston ikora imirimo myinshi yingenzi:
● Gufunga icyumba cyaka - ingano yimpeta yatoranijwe neza ukurikije diameter y'imbere ya silinderi, ikabuza gucamo imyuka iva mucyumba cyaka ikinjira mu gikarito;
Kugabanya imbaraga zo guterana - agace kavanze impeta ku nkuta za silinderi ni nto cyane ugereranije na piston, bigabanya igihombo cyo guterana ibice bya CPG;
● Indishyi zo kwagura ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya CPG - piston na silinderi bikozwe mu mavuta atandukanye hamwe na coefficient zitandukanye zo kwagura ubushyuhe, kwinjiza impeta birinda kuvanga piston hamwe nimpinduka zo kwikuramo iyo ubushyuhe bwa moteri buzamutse bukagwa;
Gusiga amavuta y'urukuta rwa silinderi no kuvanaho amavuta arenze (abuza kwinjira mu byumba byaka kandi bikagabanya igihombo cya peteroli kubera imyanda) - impeta z'igishushanyo kidasanzwe zituma hakurwaho amavuta arenze ku rukuta rwa silinderi rwakozwe mu gihe cya moteri, ariko kureka firime ya peteroli ikenewe kugirango ugabanye ubukana;
Gukonjesha inkuta za piston - igice cy'ubushyuhe kiva muri piston gikurwa ku rukuta rwa silinderi binyuze mu mpeta.
Biroroshye kubona ko impeta ya piston igira uruhare runini mumikorere ya CPG n'imikorere yumuriro wose.Imikorere mibi yose no kwambara impeta bigaragazwa no gutakaza ingufu za moteri no kwangirika muri rusange mubikorwa byayo, bityo ibice bigomba gusimburwa.Ariko mbere yo kugura cyangwa gutumiza impeta nshya, ugomba gusobanukirwa ubwoko buriho bwibi bice, igishushanyo cyacyo nibiranga akazi.
Impeta ya piston na piston
Ubwoko, igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere yimpeta ya piston
Ubwoko bubiri bwimpeta bwashyizwe kuri piston imwe:
Kwikuramo (hejuru);
Sc Abashishwa amavuta (hepfo).
Impeta zose ziri mumurongo uhinduranya (grooves) yumwirondoro wurukiramende, wakozwe hafi yumutwe wa piston.Impeta zubwoko butandukanye ziratandukanye mubishushanyo n'intego.
Impeta zo guhunika zitanga kashe yicyumba cyaka, imwe, ebyiri cyangwa eshatu impeta zirashobora gushyirwaho kuri piston imwe (imwe kuri moteri yo gutwika imbere yimodoka ebyiri za moto, ebyiri kuri moteri nyinshi zigezweho, eshatu kuri moteri ya mazutu), biherereye mugice cyo hejuru cya piston.Mu buryo bwubaka, impeta zo guhunika ziroroshye cyane: iyi ni impeta itandukanijwe nicyuma, gukata kwayo bikozwe muburyo bworoshye (bugororotse, oblique) cyangwa gufunga bigoye, kumpeta zimwe zifunze hari ikiruhuko cyo guhagarara.Gufunga bifite icyuho gito (micrometero nyinshi), ikora kugirango yishyure kwaguka k'ubushyuhe bw'igice mugihe cya moteri.
Impeta ikozwe mubyuma cyangwa amanota yihariye yicyuma, hejuru yinyuma (ikora) irashobora kugira imiterere itandukanye:
Flat Igorofa yoroshye - muriki gihe, impeta ifite urukiramende rwambukiranya igice cyangwa igice muburyo bwa mpande enye zidasanzwe;
● Radius (ishusho ya barriel) - hejuru yinyuma yimpeta ni arc yumuzingi wa radiyo nini;
● Hamwe na chamfer - icyuma cy'uburebure buto gikozwe hejuru yinyuma;
● "Minute" impeta - hejuru yinyuma ifite ahantu hahanamye hejuru, inguni ihindagurika ni iminota mirongo icumi ya arc, bitewe nimpeta yabonye izina ryabo.
Umwirondoro uringaniye ufite impeta zo hejuru zo guhunika, zihatirwa gukora ku bushyuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mubihe byo gusiga bidahagije.Kugabanya kwambara, ubuso bwakazi bwigice ni chrome-isize, fosifati, amabati yatwikiriwe cyangwa ubundi bivurwa.Impeta nkiyi yegeranye rwose nindorerwamo ya silinderi mugihe ikora, itanga kashe hamwe no gukuraho ubushyuhe muri piston.
Impeta zo hepfo akenshi zifite umwirondoro utoroshye.Impeta ya barrale ifite ubukana buke mugihe gikomeza kashe ihagije.Impeta "Minute", bitewe nubushake bwubuso bwakazi, gabanya imbaraga zo guterana amagambo: iyo piston yamanutse (kumurongo wakazi), impeta iranyerera hejuru yindorerwamo ya silinderi hamwe nu mpande zayo, kandi iyo igenda hejuru, impeta ni yakuwe mu ndorerwamo ya silinderi kubera amavuta yavuyemo.
Impeta zipakurura amavuta zemeza gukwirakwiza neza firime ya peteroli hejuru ya silinderi no kubuza amavuta kwinjira mucyumba cyaka (kuyikura mu ndorerwamo ya silinderi).Impeta imwe gusa niyo ikoreshwa kuri piston imwe, ibi bice ntabwo biri kuri piston ya moteri ebyiri (kuva amavuta yongewe kuri lisansi).Mubisanzwe, impeta zo gusiga amavuta zifite igishushanyo mbonera, kirimo impeta ubwazo hamwe niyaguka.
Piston impeta na gahunda yabo y'ibikorwa
Impeta zo gusiga amavuta ni:
Igice kimwe - impeta U ifite ishusho ya piston.Kuri base hari urukurikirane rw'imyobo iringaniye cyangwa irambuye ikorwamo imiyoboro y'amavuta;
● Gukomatanya - impeta ebyiri zoroshye (zigabanijwe) zikoreshwa, hagati yazo hari ikintu cya spacer.
Ibikoresho bya spacer ni:
Radial - tanga igitutu cyimpeta kurukuta rwa silinderi;
● Axial - ikoreshwa gusa ifatanije nimpeta ihuriweho, itanga kudafunga impeta;
● Tangential - ihuriweho na spacer, itanga icyarimwe kwaguka impeta nigitutu cyazo kurukuta rwa silinderi.
Ibikoresho bya spacer ni isahani (iringaniye) cyangwa amasoko yatondekanye yashyizwe hagati cyangwa munsi yimpeta, isoko imwe cyangwa ibiri gusa yubwoko butandukanye irashobora gukoreshwa mumpeta yo gusiga amavuta.
Impeta yo gusiga amavuta ikanda ku rukuta rwa silinderi kandi, kubera igishushanyo cyayo, ituma ikurwaho rya peteroli irenze.Amavuta yakusanyirijwe yinjira muri ruhago anyuze mu mwobo uri mu mpeta, aho ava mu mwobo wa moteri unyuze mu mwobo uri ku rukuta rwa piston.Muri icyo gihe, igice cyamavuta kiguma muburyo bwa firime yoroheje yamavuta kurukuta rwa silinderi, bigabanya ubushyamirane muri CPG.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza impeta za piston
Mugihe cyo gukora moteri, impeta ya piston ikorerwa imitwaro ikomeye yubukanishi nubushyuhe, ibyo bigatuma bambara buhoro buhoro no gutakaza imikorere.Mugihe impeta zishaje, zireka gukora imirimo yazo, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwa compression, kwinjiza gaze mu gikarito hamwe namavuta mucyumba cyaka.Ikindi kibazo gikomeye ni "coking" yimpeta (jaming bitewe no kwegeranya ububiko bwa karubone mumashanyarazi ya piston).Nkigisubizo, moteri itakaza imbaraga nigisubizo cya trottle, umuyaga ubona ibintu biranga imvi cyangwa se umukara, kandi amavuta na peteroli byiyongera.Iyo ibi bimenyetso bigaragara, birakenewe gusuzuma moteri - reba compression, kugenzura buji nibindi bice.Niba compression iri hasi cyane, buji zasutswe namavuta kandi hari ibibazo bijyanye nimikorere yumuriro w'amashanyarazi, noneho impeta za piston zigomba gusimburwa.
Kubisimbuza, ugomba guhitamo impeta gusa murubwo bwoko na numero ya catalogi yatanzwe kuri moteri yihariye.Tugomba kuzirikana ko nyuma yo gukora ivugurura rikomeye rya moteri hamwe na silinderi irambiranye, ni ngombwa gukoresha impeta nini yo gusana ibereye piston nshya.
Gusimbuza impeta bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana amashanyarazi.Muri rusange, iki gikorwa gisaba gusenya moteri no gusubiramo piston.Impeta zishaje zavanyweho kandi isuku irasukurwa neza.Impeta nshya zigomba gushyirwaho hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya "Hejuru" cyangwa "Hejuru" kuri bo.Iyo ushyizeho impeta, harasuzumwa icyuho kiri hagati yubuso bwuruhande rwurukuta rwurukuta rwa piston, kimwe no gufunga impeta yinjijwe muri silinderi.Ibyemezo byose bigomba kuba biri mumipaka yashyizweho na moteri.Impeta ziherereye kuri piston kugirango ibifunga byazo bitaryama kumurongo umwe kandi ntibigwe kumurongo wibyobo byintoki - nuburyo buryo bwa labyrint iba ikingira imyuka ya gaze kuva mucyumba cyaka.
Iyo ushyizeho piston ifite impeta nshya muri silinderi, hagomba gukoreshwa mandel idasanzwe ikanda impeta kuri piston.Nyuma yo gusimbuza impeta ya piston, birasabwa gukora muri moteri - ntugapfobye umuvuduko wa kilometero 800-1000 yambere hanyuma ukaremerera moteri kumashanyarazi igice, nurangiza kumeneka, ugomba guhindura amavuta ya moteri .
Hamwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza impeta za piston, moteri izagarura imbaraga zahoze kandi izakora yizeye muburyo bwose.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-13-2023