Buri modoka igezweho ifite sisitemu nyinshi za feri, harimo guhagarara, cyangwa "feri y'intoki".Uburyo bwa feri ya feri yintoki itwarwa ninsinga zoroshye - soma ibyerekeranye nibi bice, ubwoko bwabo nibishushanyo bihari, kimwe no guhitamo no kubisimbuza, mu ngingo.
Umugozi wa feri yo guhagarara ni iki?
Umuyoboro wa feri yo guhagarara (umugozi wa feri, umugozi wa feri) - ikintu cya feri yo guhagarara ibinyabiziga bifite ibiziga;Umugozi wicyuma wagoramye mumashanyarazi arinda uhuza feri ya parikingi ya parikingi hamwe na feri ya feri nibice byo hagati ya disiki.
Ibinyabiziga bifite ibiziga bifite sisitemu yo gukoresha feri ikoreshwa na hydraulic ikoresha feri yo guhagarara hamwe na feri itaziguye ivuye mumashanyarazi yashyizwe muri cab / abagenzi.Disiki ya padi yubatswe hashingiwe kubintu byoroshye - insinga zikora imirimo yinkoni.
Umuyoboro wa feri yo guhagarara ukora imirimo myinshi:
● Kohereza imbaraga ziva muri feri ya parikingi kuri feri ya feri yinziga zinyuma (mumodoka zitwara abagenzi) no kuri feri yintoki kumurongo wa moteri (mumamodoka amwe);
● Indishyi zo guhindura imikorere yikintu, ibice byimodoka hamwe nibice byahagaritswe, nkigisubizo cyuko imyanya ijyanye na padi na leveri ishobora guhinduka - ibi bigerwaho bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwinsinga (insinga);
Kworoshya muri rusange igishushanyo cya feri yo guhagarara - mugihe ukoresheje insinga, ntabwo bikenewe gukoresha inkoni zikomeye hamwe na hinges hamwe na feri nyinshi.
Intsinga za feri zifite uruhare runini mumutekano wikinyabiziga mugihe cya parikingi ngufi kandi ndende, kandi zigira uruhare runini kurwego rusange rwumutekano mumihanda.Imikorere mibi ya kabili irashobora kuvamo byihutirwa, iki gice rero kigomba gusimburwa vuba bishoboka.Ariko mbere yo kugura umugozi wa feri, ugomba kumva ubwoko, igishushanyo nibiranga ibyo bice.
Ubwoko, igishushanyo nibiranga insinga za feri
Kugeza ubu, imodoka zikoresha feri yo guhagarara hamwe nubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwo gutwara:
● Ukoresheje umugozi umwe kandi ukurura;
● Hamwe ninsinga ebyiri hamwe no gukwega gukomeye;
● Hamwe n'insinga eshatu.
Igikoresho cyoroshye cyane gifite disiki ifite umugozi umwe: ikoresha inkoni nkuru yo hagati, ihujwe na lever hamwe nuyobora ibyuma bifata umugozi unyuzemo;Umugozi uhujwe nimpera zayo kuri feri ya feri iburyo n'ibumoso.Hano, umugozi umwe ugabanijwemo kabiri, buri gice cyacyo gikora ku ruziga rwarwo, kandi imbaraga ziva muri leveri zanduzwa hakoreshejwe inkoni y'icyuma ifatanye nuyobora.Sisitemu nkiyi iroroshye gukora no kuyihindura, ariko ifite ubwizerwe buke ugereranije, kubera ko kwambara cyangwa kumena umugozi biganisha ku guhagarika burundu imikorere ya feri yo guhagarara.
Amakamyo menshi kandi akoresha feri yo guhagarara hamwe numugozi umwe - ikoreshwa muguhuza amakariso kurugoma rwa feri yashyizwe kumurongo wa moteri.Muri ubwo buryo, umugozi uhujwe neza na leveri ya feri idakoresheje inkoni zo hagati.
Ibice bya parikingi yo guhagarara hamwe ninsinga ebyiri hamwe na kabili iringaniza
Igikoresho kirushijeho kuba gifite disiki ifite insinga ebyiri: ikoresha insinga ebyiri zitandukanye zahujwe nicyo bita kuringaniza cyangwa indishyi, nazo, zikaba ziri ku nkoni ikomeye.Bitewe nuko hariho insinga ebyiri zigenga, imikorere ya feri yo guhagarara ikomeza iyo imwe murimwe yambarwa cyangwa yatanyaguwe - imbaraga kumuzinga wa kabiri zoherezwa numuyoboro wa kabiri wose.Ikinyabiziga nkiki kiragoye kuruta icyabanje, ariko gifite ubwizerwe buhebuje, none uyumunsi nikoreshwa cyane.
Muri drives yubwoko bwa gatatu, inkoni ikomeye isimburwa numuyoboro mugufi wa gatatu - ihuza icyuma cya feri yo guhagarara hamwe na equizer / indishyi zinsinga zinyuma.Sisitemu nkiyi ifite ihinduka ryinshi mubijyanye no guhinduka kandi ikora neza niyo haba harimurwa ryinshi ryibice byimodoka ugereranije nundi (urugero, hamwe numutwaro munini kandi utaringaniye wimodoka, mugihe uhagaritse imodoka kumurongo, mugihe umwe inyuma ibiziga bikubita umusozi cyangwa ikiruhuko, nibindi).Kubwibyo, gutwara feri yintoki hamwe ninsinga eshatu uyumunsi nayo ikoreshwa cyane mumodoka yubwoko butandukanye nibyiciro.
Itsinda ryihariye rya drives rigizwe na sisitemu ifite insinga ebyiri z'uburebure butandukanye.Umugozi umwe uhujwe neza na disiki ya disiki kandi itanga disiki ya padi yimwe muruziga (akenshi ibumoso).Umugozi wa kabiri wuburebure bugufi uhujwe nuwambere kuri intera imwe na leveri, mubisanzwe ushyirwa kumurambararo wikiraro, bigatuma ubwizerwe bukomeye bwimiterere yose (bityo umugozi ukingirwa ingaruka mbi, guhungabana no kunama).Guhuza insinga bikorwa hakoreshejwe kuringaniza (indishyi) hamwe nibishoboka byo guhinduka.
Ibice bitatu byo guhagarika feri
Imiyoboro ya feri yo guhagarara yose ifite igikoresho kimwe, gitandukanye gusa muburyo burambuye.Urufatiro rwimiterere ni umugozi ugoretse wicyuma cya diametre nto (muri mm 2-3), ushyizwe mumashanyarazi.Imbere, igikonyo cyuzuyemo amavuta, birinda kwangirika no kuvanga umugozi.Ku mpera yumugozi, inama zirakosowe kugirango zihuze nibice bya disiki - lever, iringaniza, feri ya feri.Inama zirashobora kugira igishushanyo gitandukanye:
Taw;
Cylinders;
Inges zifata imiterere nubunini butandukanye;
Tips U-nama (fork).
Urupapuro rwumugozi rufite uburebure bwarwo bwose, usibye santimetero nkeya kuruhande rwinama.Igikonoshwa gishobora kugira igishushanyo gitandukanye:
● Polymer (isanzwe cyangwa ishimangirwa) igipande kimwe cyurugero rwuburebure bwa kabili;
● Intwaro (isoko) igikonoshwa hejuru yinsinga, zihura nibice bikikije ihagarikwa numubiri, bityo bikaba byambaye imyenda ikomeye;
Rug Ibikoresho bya reberi (antheri) hejuru yumugozi (kuruhande rumwe cyangwa kumpande zombi), birinda umugozi umukungugu numwanda, kandi bikarinda no kumeneka kwamavuta.
Ku mpande zombi z'igikonoshwa, ibyuma bishishwa hamwe n'ibishushanyo bitandukanye birashizweho:
● Hamwe nurudodo rwo hanze hamwe nutubuto tubiri - mubisanzwe nkurutoki ruri kuruhande rwo guhuza umugozi kuringaniza (cyane cyane, kumurongo ubuza igikonoshwa guhinduka), ariko hariho insinga zifite ibihuru bifatanye kumpande zombi. ;
● Hamwe nu mugozi w'imbere - ibihuru nkibi bikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi ya parikingi;
● Hamwe nisahani isunika cyangwa igitereko - urutoki nk'urwo ruri kuruhande rwo guhuza umugozi kurukuta rwa feri yibiziga.
Muri iki gihe, ibihuru birashobora kuba bigororotse cyangwa bigoramye, ibyo bikaba biterwa nuburyo bwo gushushanya feri yo guhagarara imodoka.
Parikingi ya feri yuzuye hamwe na equizer
Ibikoresho byongeweho (bishimangirwa) polymer bushing, clamps hamwe na brake birashobora kandi kuba kumurongo wumugozi - ibi nibintu byo gushiraho bikenewe kugirango ahabigenewe neza kandi bifatanye kubintu bigize umubiri cyangwa ikinyabiziga.
Nkibisanzwe, uburebure nibindi biranga umugozi byerekanwe kumurango wacyo cyangwa mubitabo byerekeranye - aya makuru afasha guhitamo umugozi mushya mugihe gishaje cyashize.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza umugozi wa feri yo guhagarara
Imiyoboro ya feri yo guhagarara ikorerwa imitwaro ikomeye, nuko irashaje, irambuye kandi itakaza imbaraga mugihe.Mugihe cyo kubungabunga bisanzwe, birasabwa kugenzura insinga kandi, nibiba ngombwa, uhindure imbaraga zazo - mubisanzwe ibi bikorwa nimbuto ku nkoni ikomeye cyangwa iringaniza.Niba ihinduka nk'iryo ridashobora gukora imikorere isanzwe ya feri y'intoki (umugozi urambuye cyane kandi ntutange uburyo bwizewe bwa padi), noneho umugozi (insinga) ugomba gusimburwa.
Guhitamo insinga bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe icyitegererezo n’umwaka byakozwe n’imodoka - umugozi mushya ugomba kuba ufite numero ya catalogi nkiya kera.Niba umugozi wifuzwa utaboneka, noneho urashobora kugerageza guhitamo umugozi wubwoko butandukanye muburebure, igishushanyo nubwoko bwinama.Urashobora kandi gutoranya ibigereranyo mubindi binyabiziga, ibice byo kubyaza umusaruro bitangwa nababikora kimwe.
Niba disiki ya feri ifite insinga ebyiri zinyuma, kandi imwe murimwe gusa ifite amakosa, noneho birasabwa guhindura icyarimwe icyarimwe - ibi bizishingira kumeneka rya kabili ya kabiri.Cyane cyane kubintu nkibi, ababikora benshi batanga insinga zinsinga nibice byose bikenewe hagati.
Gusimbuza insinga za feri bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza iyi modoka.Nkuko bisanzwe, iki gikorwa cyaragabanutse kurekura no gusenya kuringaniza / indishyi, nyuma yaho urashobora gukuramo umugozi ukuramo utubuto twa feri hanyuma ugakuraho inama kubafite kumpande zombi.Kwishyiriraho insinga nshya bikorwa muburyo butandukanye, nyuma yoguhindura kugirango harebwe impagarara zifuzwa ninsinga.Iyo ukora akazi, birakenewe ko umutekano uhagarara hamwe nubudahangarwa bwimodoka hifashishijwe inkweto cyangwa ubundi buryo.Ibikurikiraho, birakenewe gukurikirana imiterere yinsinga no guhinduranya ibihe byazo.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gusimbuza insinga, sisitemu yo guhagarika feri yimodoka izakora neza kandi neza muri parikingi iyo ariyo yose.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-26-2023