Amashanyarazi ya Hydraulic akoreshwa cyane muguhagarika amakamyo ya KAMAZ, bigira uruhare runini.Iyi ngingo isobanura mu buryo burambuye ahantu hakurura imashini mu guhagarika, ubwoko na moderi byabashitsi bikoreshwa, kimwe no kubungabunga no gusana ibyo bice.
Amakuru rusange yerekeye guhagarika imodoka za KAMAZ
Ihagarikwa ryamakamyo ya KAMAZ yubatswe hakurikijwe gahunda ya kera, imaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yizewe, kandi iracyafite akamaro.Ihagarikwa ryose rishingiye, harimo ibintu byoroshye kandi bigabanya, moderi zimwe na zimwe zifite stabilisateur.Amababi maremare maremare (ubusanzwe igice cya elliptique) akoreshwa nkibintu bya elastike muguhagarika, bigashyirwa kumurongo no kumurambararo wa axe (muguhagarika imbere no guhagarika inyuma ya moderi ebyiri) cyangwa kumirongo umutambiko hamwe nu murongo wa buringaniza (muburyo bwo guhagarika inyuma ya moderi eshatu).
Amashanyarazi ya Hydraulic nayo akoreshwa muguhagarika imodoka za KAMAZ.Ibi bice bikoreshwa mubibazo bikurikira:
- Imbere yo guhagarika moderi zose zamakamyo ya Kama nta kurobanura;
- Imbere ninyuma ihagarikwa rya moderi zimwe zimodoka imwe na traktor ndende.
Imashini ya Shock mu ihagarikwa ryinyuma ikoreshwa gusa kuri moderi yikamyo ya axe ebyiri, muribo ntago ari nyinshi cyane kumurongo wa KAMAZ.Kugeza ubu, KAMAZ-4308 mu bwato bw’imodoka ziciriritse, imashini za KAMAZ-5460 hamwe n’imashini za KAMAZ-5490 zigezweho zifite ingendo ndende.
Imashini itwara ibicuruzwa mu guhagarika ikora nk'ibintu bigabanya, birinda imodoka kunyeganyega ku masoko iyo batsinze ibibari mu muhanda, kandi bikanakurura ibintu bitandukanye.Ibi byose byongera ihumure mugihe utwaye imodoka, kimwe no kunoza imikorere yayo, nkigisubizo, umutekano.Imashini ikurura ni igice cyingenzi cyo guhagarikwa, mugihe rero habaye ikibazo, igomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa.Kandi kugirango usane vuba kandi nta kiguzi cyinyongera, ugomba kumenya ubwoko nubwoko bwimashini zikurura zikoreshwa mumamodoka ya KAMAZ.
Ubwoko nicyitegererezo cyikurura KAMAZ guhagarika
Kugeza magingo aya, uruganda rukora amamodoka ya Kama rukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwingenzi bwo gukurura:
- Imashini ikurura amashanyarazi ifite uburebure bwa mm 450 hamwe na piston ya piston ya mm 230 kugirango ihagarike imbere ninyuma ya traktor za KAMAZ-5460;
- Ibyuma bikurura isi yose bifite uburebure bwa mm 460 hamwe na piston ya piston ya mm 275 bikoreshwa muguhagarika imbere yimodoka nyinshi zireshya, traktor hamwe namakamyo (KAMAZ-5320, 53212, 5410, 54112, 5511, 55111 nabandi), kandi ibyo byuma byangiza nabyo byashyizwe imbere ninyuma ihagarikwa ryimitambiko ibiri ya KAMAZ-4308;
- Imashini ya Shock ifite uburebure bwa mm 475 hamwe na piston ya piston ya mm 300 ikoreshwa muguhagarika imbere yimodoka ya KAMAZ-43118.Izi shitingi muri verisiyo hamwe na "inkoni-inkoni" ikoreshwa muguhagarika bisi za NefAZ;
- Imashini ya Shock ifite uburebure bwa mm 485 hamwe na piston ya piston ya mm 300 ikoreshwa muri gari ya moshi ya KAMAZ, ndetse no guhagarikwa imbere mu modoka zimwe na zimwe zitari mu muhanda (KAMAZ-4310);
- Amashanyarazi maremare afite uburebure bwa mm 500 hamwe na piston ya piston ya mm 325 yashyizwe muguhagarika imbere yamakamyo mashya ya KAMAZ-65112 na 6520.
Ibyo byose bikurura ibintu ni hydraulic gakondo, bikozwe hakurikijwe gahunda ebyiri.Ibyinshi mu bikurura ibintu bifite ijisho-ku-jisho, ariko ibice bya bisi ya NefAZ bifite inkoni-ku giti.Imashini zikoresha imashini zigezweho ziva muri BAAZ zifite ibikoresho birebire bya pulasitike, bitanga uburinzi bwiza bw’amazi n’umwanda.
Imodoka zose za KAMAZ zifite ibikoresho byifashishwa na Biyelorusiya.Ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda ebyiri bitangwa kubatwara:
- BAAZ (Baranovichi Automobile Aggregate Plant) - umujyi wa Baranovichi;
- GZAA (Uruganda rwa Grodno rwibinyabiziga) - umujyi wa Grodno.
BAAZ na GZAA batanga ubu bwoko bwose bwikurura, kandi ibyo bicuruzwa bitangwa ku isoko ku bwinshi, bityo kubisimbuza (kimwe no gusana ihagarikwa ryamakamyo muri rusange) birashobora gukorwa mugihe gito kandi nta kiguzi cyinyongera .
Nanone, imashini itwara amakamyo ya KAMAZ itangwa n’uruganda rwo muri Ukraine FLP ODUD (Melitopol) munsi y’ikirango cya OSV, ndetse n’Uburusiya NPO ROSTAR (Naberezhnye Chelny) hamwe n’isosiyete yo muri Biyelorusiya FENOX (Minsk).Ibi byagura cyane guhitamo ibyuma bikurura kandi bikingura inzira yo kuzigama.
Ibibazo byo kubungabunga no gusana ibyuma bikurura
Moderi igezweho ya hydraulic shock absorbers ntabwo ikenera kubungabungwa bidasanzwe.Birakenewe kandi kugenzura imiterere ya rubber yashizwe mumaso yinjiza - niba ibihuru byahinduwe cyangwa byacitse, bigomba gusimburwa.
Niba imashini itwara ibintu yarangije umutungo wayo cyangwa ifite imikorere mibi (kumeneka amavuta, guhindura umubiri cyangwa inkoni, gusenya ibifunga, nibindi), noneho igice kigomba gusimburwa.Mubisanzwe, imashini zikurura zifatanije nintoki ebyiri gusa (bolts) hejuru no hepfo, bityo gusimbuza iki gice bigabanywa gusa no gukuramo ibyo byuma.Akazi karoroshye cyane gukora kurwobo rwo kugenzura, kubera ko muriki gihe nta mpamvu yo gukuraho ibiziga.
Hamwe nogusimbuza mugihe gikwiye, guhagarika imodoka bizatanga ihumure numutekano bikenewe byimodoka mubihe byose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2023