Umusaraba utandukanye wa KAMAZ: imikorere yizewe yimodoka yikamyo

Mu kohereza amakamyo ya KAMAZ, interaxle na cross-axle itangwa, aho umwanya wo hagati urimo imisaraba.Wige ibijyanye n'umusaraba icyo aricyo, ubwoko bwarwo, uko ukora nimirimo ikora, kimwe no guhitamo no gusimbuza ibi bice uhereye ku ngingo.

Umusaraba utandukanye wa KAMAZ ni iki?

Umusaraba utandukanya KAMAZ ni igice cyikigo hamwe na cross-axle itandukanye yimitambiko yimodoka ya KAMAZ;Igice kibambitse gikora nk'amashoka kubikoresho bya satelite.

Umusaraba ni kimwe mu bice byingenzi byubwoko butandukanye - byombi byambukiranya imipaka, biri mu isanduku ya gare yimodoka zose zigenda, na inter-axe, byashyizwe kumurongo wo hagati.Iki gice gifite imirimo myinshi:

Gukora nk'imigozi ya satelite itandukanye - ibikoresho byashyizwe kumutwe wumusaraba hanyuma bikazenguruka kuriwo;
● Guhuza ibice byo guhuza ibice bitandukanye - satelite hamwe nibikoresho bya shitingi;
● Kohereza itara riva mumazu atandukanye kuri satelite no kugera kubikoresho bya shitingi ya axle (mubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwibi bice, itara ryanyuzwa mu buryo butaziguye);
Distribution Gukwirakwiza imizigo imwe ku bikoresho bya axe - ibi bigabanya umutwaro wibikoresho byose, byongera ubuzima bwa serivisi no kwizerwa kuri torque zikomeye;
Supply Gutanga amavuta kubihuru (byoroheje) bya satelite.

Imiterere yumusaraba ahanini biterwa nigikorwa cyo gutandukanya, imikorere yo kohereza umuriro no kwizerwa.Umusaraba utari mwiza ugomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa, ariko mbere yo kugura igice gishya, ugomba gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwimisaraba ya KAMAZ, ibiranga nibisabwa.

Ubwoko, igishushanyo nibiranga umusaraba utandukanye wa KAMAZ

Imisaraba yose ya KAMAZ igabanijwemo amatsinda abiri manini ukurikije ibisabwa:

● Umusaraba wambukiranya itandukaniro (garebox ya drake);
Umusaraba wo gutandukanya ibigo.

Umusaraba wubwoko bwambere ukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa bokisi ya bokisi ya axe zose - imbere, hagati (niba bihari) ninyuma.Hano, iki gice cyemeza ikwirakwizwa rya torque hagati yumutwe wa axe ku muvuduko utaringaniye wo kuzenguruka ibiziga byiburyo n’ibumoso.

Guteranya kwambukiranya itandukaniro hamwe na satelite

Umusaraba wubwoko bwa kabiri nigice cyingenzi cyibintu bitandukanye bitandukanijwe byashyizwe gusa kumurongo wo hagati wimodoka hagati yimodoka ifite formula 6 × 4 na 6 × 6, hamwe no kohereza itara ryerekanwa hagati yinyuma ninyuma (nta rubanza rwoherejwe).Hano, iki gice cyemeza ikwirakwizwa ryumuriro hagati yizunguruka hagati ninyuma kumuvuduko utaringaniye wo kuzunguruka kwiziga ryabo.

Umusaraba wubwoko bwombi ufite igishushanyo kimwe muburyo bumwe.Iki nigice gikomeye aho ibice bibiri bishobora gutandukanywa: impeta yo hagati (hub), kumuzenguruko wizingo enye ziherereye.Umwobo uri muri hub ukorera hagati igice no kuworohereza, no hagati itandukanye, hagati yinyuma yinyuma yinyuma iranyuramo.Ibikoresho bya satelite hamwe nogeshe ibikoresho byashyizwe kuri spike binyuze mumashamba, bikabuza guhuza satelite na mashini yibikombe bitandukanye byamazu.

Imitwe ifite itandukaniro ryambukiranya: kumpande zireba hagati yumusaraba, imipira ikurwaho murwego rumwe nindege ya hub yumusaraba.Lysks ituma amavuta agenda neza mugihuru cya satelite no kuvanaho imyenda yambara.Ibyobo bihumye byubujyakuzimu busanzwe buracukurwa kumpera yimigozi, byorohereza gutunganya igice.Na none, chamfers ikurwa kumpera kugirango byoroshye kwishyiriraho umusaraba mumazu atandukanye.Diameter ya sitidiyo yimisaraba yumusaraba utandukanijwe wa KAMAZ ni 28.0-28.11 mm, diameter ya sitidiyo yimisaraba yimisozi itandukanye iri hagati ya mm 21.8-21.96.

Imisaraba yose ikozwe mubyuma byubatswe byo mucyiciro cya 15X, 18X, 20X nizindi ukoresheje kashe ishyushye (guhimba) ikurikirwa no guhindukira, hejuru ya sitidiyo yibice byarangiye hakorerwa ubushyuhe (carburizing kugeza ubujyakuzimu bwa mm 1,2, kuzimya no ubushyuhe bukurikiraho) kugirango ugere kubikenewe bikenewe no kurwanya kwambara nabi.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwimisaraba itandukanye hagati yimodoka ya KAMAZ:

● Hamwe n'umwobo wo hagati;
● Hamwe na hub.

Ibice byubwoko bwa mbere bifite igishushanyo cyasobanuwe haruguru, bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye hagati, bikozwe ukurikije gahunda ya kera - hamwe no kwimura itara riva mumatara ya moteri ikajya mumazu atandukanye, umusaraba uhujwe cyane.Ibice byubwoko bwa kabiri bifite ihuriro ryubugari bwiyongereye, mugice cyimbere cyibice birebire.Iyi misaraba ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwubwoko bushya (yashyizwe kuri kamyo ya KAMAZ-6520 itwara amakamyo no kuyahindura bishingiye kuri yo kuva mu 2009) - hamwe no kwimura itara riva mumatara ya moteri ikajya kumurongo.Itandukaniro ryubu bwoko rirahuzagurika kandi ryoroshye, ariko muribo umusaraba ukorerwa imitwaro iremereye, bityo ibisabwa byinshi bikaze bishyirwaho kubishushanyo mbonera.

Centre itandukanye KAMAZ-6520 inteko

Imikorere ya D-padi mubitandukanye iroroshye.Muri cross-axle itandukanye, ikora gusa nka axe ya satelite.Umusaraba ushyizwe muburyo bukomeye hagati yinzabya zitandukanye zamazu, nazo, zishyirwa imbere mubikoresho bigendanwa nibikoresho nyamukuru.Iyo ibikoresho bizunguruka, itandukaniro rizunguruka icyarimwe, satelite ifatanye kumusaraba, ikorana nibikoresho bya shitingi ya axle, ikazana mukuzunguruka, bigatuma ihererekanyabubasha ryiziga ryiziga.Iyo inguni cyangwa gutwara mumihanda itose, satelite izunguruka kumutwe wambukiranya, itanga umuvuduko wibiziga bitandukanye.

Hagati itandukanye, imisaraba ikora imirimo isa, ariko hamwe nubufasha bwabo itara ryagabanijwe hagati yimitambiko.

Ibibazo byo gutoranya no gusimbuza imisaraba ya KAMAZ itandukanye

Imisaraba itandukanye ikorerwa imitwaro myinshi mugihe cyimodoka, kuburyo mugihe kirenze kandi kirahinduka.Imiterere yiki gice irakurikiranwa mugihe cyo kubungabunga bisanzwe cyangwa mugihe cyo gusana umushoferi.Niba chip, scuffs, cracks nibindi byangiritse biboneka kumurongo, noneho bigomba gusimburwa.Niba imitwe y'umusaraba ifite ibimenyetso byo kwambara nabi hamwe no kugabanuka kwa diameter, noneho birashobora kugarurwa no kugaragara hejuru yicyuma no gusya, ariko uyumunsi biroroshye cyane kandi bihendutse kugura umusaraba mushya.Niba inenge zigaragaye muri satelite no gukaraba (chip, kwambara amenyo ataringaniye, kuvunika no kuvunika amenyo, nibindi), noneho bigomba gusimburwa hamwe nibice byambukiranya, hamwe nibice byuzuye (hamwe nibihuru hamwe no gukaraba).

KAMAZ itambutse

Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-05-2023