Imashanyarazi ni imwe muri sisitemu zingenzi zimodoka igezweho, ikora imirimo amagana kandi ituma imikorere yimodoka ubwayo ishoboka.Umwanya wo hagati muri sisitemu urimo imyanya yo gushiraho - soma ibyerekeye ibice byimodoka za VAZ, ubwoko bwazo, gushushanya, kubungabunga no gusana mu ngingo.
Intego n'imikorere yo gushiraho
Mu modoka iyo ari yo yose, hari ibikoresho byinshi byamashanyarazi na elegitoronike bifite intego zitandukanye - ibi ni ibikoresho byo kumurika, guhanagura ibirahuri hamwe no koza ibirahure, ECUs yumuriro wamashanyarazi nibindi bice, ibikoresho byo gutabaza no kwerekana, nibindi.Umubare munini wa relay na fuse bikoreshwa mugukingura / kuzimya no kurinda ibyo bikoresho.Kuburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyiriraho, kubungabunga no gusana, ibi bice biri muri module imwe - guhagarika (MB).Iki gisubizo kiraboneka no muburyo bwose bwuruganda rukora imodoka.
Ihagarikwa rya VAZ rikoreshwa muguhindura no kurinda ibikoresho bigize amashanyarazi kumurongo wimodoka.Iri tsinda rikora imirimo myinshi yingenzi:
- Guhindura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi - aha niho bafunguye no kuzimya bakoresheje relay;
- Kurinda imizunguruko / ibikoresho bitarenze imizigo n'umuyoboro mugufi - fuse ikumira kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi ishinzwe ibi;
- Kurinda ibice ingaruka mbi - umwanda, ubushyuhe bwinshi, kwinjiza amazi, imyuka isohoka, amazi ya tekiniki, nibindi.;
- Imfashanyo yo gusuzuma sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.
Ibi bice bigenzura amashanyarazi yimodoka, ariko bifite igishushanyo cyoroshye.
Igishushanyo cya VAZ yo gushiraho - rusange muri rusange
Inzitizi zose zishyirwaho zikoreshwa kuri moderi y’uruganda rukora ibinyabiziga rufite ibishushanyo bisa, birimo ibice bikurikira:
- Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gitwara ibice byose bigize igice;
- Icyerekezo - ibikoresho byo kuzimya no kuzimya ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nibikoresho;
- Fuse irinda kwangirika kubikoresho nibikoresho bitewe numuyoboro mugufi, ibitonyanga bya voltage, nibindi.;
- Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wo kwinjiza igice muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka;
- Umubiri.
Ibisobanuro byingenzi bigomba kuvugwa muburyo burambuye.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibibaho:
- Fiberglass hamwe ninteko yanditseho ibice (kuri moderi yo hambere);
- Plastike hamwe no gushiraho byihuse ibice kuri padi idasanzwe (moderi igezweho).
Mubisanzwe, imbaho zakozwe kwisi yose, ikibaho kimwe gishobora gushyirwa mubice bya moderi zitandukanye no guhindura.Kubwibyo, hashobora kubaho amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi ya relay hamwe na fuse mubice byateranijwe kurubaho.
Hariho kandi ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa relay:
- Imiyoboro isanzwe ya electromagnetic yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi - bafunga uruziga n'ikimenyetso kiva kubigenzura, ibyuma bitandukanye, nibindi.;
- Ibihe byerekana kandi bimena kugirango ufungure kandi ukoreshe ibikoresho bitandukanye, byumwihariko, guhinduranya ibimenyetso, guhanagura ibirahuri nibindi.
Ibyerekezo byose, tutitaye kubwoko bwabo, byashyizwe hamwe bihuza bidasanzwe, birahinduka-byihuse, kuburyo bishobora gusimburwa muburyo busanzwe mumasegonda.
Hanyuma, hariho kandi ubwoko bubiri bwa fuse:
- Cylindrical ceramic cyangwa plastike fus hamwe na fuse yinjizwamo, yashyizwe mumihuza hamwe nisoko yuzuye amasoko.Ibice nkibi byakoreshejwe mumateraniro yo hambere yimodoka za VAZ-2104 - 2109;
- Fuse hamwe nubwoko bwicyuma.Amashanyarazi nkaya yihuta kuyashyiraho kandi afite umutekano kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe bya silindrike (kubera ko ibyago byo gukoraho imibonano no gushyiramo fuse bigabanuka mugihe cyo gusimbuza fuse).Ubu ni ubwoko bugezweho bwa fuse bukoreshwa muburyo bwose bugezweho bwo gushiraho.
Imibiri yabibumbano ikozwe muri plastiki, igomba kuba ifite igifuniko kirimo udukingirizo cyangwa imigozi yo kwikubita hasi hamwe nibintu bifunga imodoka.Mu bwoko bumwebumwe bwibicuruzwa, ibyuma bya pulasitiki birahari byongeye kugirango bisimbuze fus, bibikwa imbere mubice kandi bifite ubwishingizi kubihombo.Kuruhande rwinyuma rwahagaritswe, ibyuma byose byamashanyarazi bikenewe kugirango uhuze amashanyarazi.
Icyitegererezo hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa mubice byubushakashatsi
Twabibutsa ako kanya ko mumodoka za VAZ, hashyizweho blok imwe imwe yambere kuri moderi ya 2104, mbere yuko utwo tuntu dutandukanye twakoreshwaga muri fuse no gushiraho relay.Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwikitegererezo no guhindura ibi bice:
- 152.3722 - Yakoreshejwe muri moderi 2105 na 2107
- 15.3722 / 154.3722 - ikoreshwa muri moderi 2104, 2105 na 2107;
- 17.3722 / 173.3722 - ikoreshwa muri moderi 2108, 2109 na 21099;
- 2105-3722010-02 na 2105-3722010-08 - ikoreshwa muri moderi 21054 na 21074;
- 2110 - ikoreshwa muri moderi 2110, 2111 na 2112
- 2114-3722010-60 - Ikoreshwa muri moderi 2108, 2109, na 2115
- 2114-3722010-40 - Ikoreshwa muri moderi 2113, 2114 na 2115
- 2170 - ikoreshwa muri moderi 170 na 21703 (Lada Priora);
- 21723 "Lux" (cyangwa DELRHI 15493150) - ikoreshwa muri moderi 21723 (Lada Priora hatchback);
- 11183 - Yakoreshejwe muri moderi 11173, 11183 na 11193
- 2123 - Yakoreshejwe muri 2123
- 367.3722 / 36.3722 - ikoreshwa muri moderi 2108, 2115;
- 53.3722 - ikoreshwa muri moderi 1118, 2170 na 2190 (Lada Granta).
Urashobora kubona izindi bloks nyinshi, mubisanzwe ni uguhindura moderi zavuzwe.
Muri moderi ya Lada yubu ifite ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, hashobora kuba hari andi mashyanyarazi arimo ibyuma byinshi hamwe na fuse kumashanyarazi.
Ibice biva mubikorwa bibiri byingenzi bitangwa kubatwara VAZ no kumasoko: AVAR (Avtoelectroarmatura OJSC, Pskov, Uburusiya) na TOCHMASH-AUTO LLC (Vladimir, Uburusiya).
Rusange rusange yo kubungabunga no kurandura ibice mubice
Inzitizi zo kwishyiriraho ubwazo ntizishobora kubungabungwa, ariko iyi niyo module yambere igenzurwa mugihe hari ikosa ryabaye mumashanyarazi yikinyabiziga.Ikigaragara ni uko akenshi gusenyuka bifitanye isano na relay cyangwa fuse, cyangwa hamwe no gutakaza umubonano mubihuza, birashoboka rero gukuraho ikibazo mugenzura module.
Ntabwo bigoye kubona ikibanza cyizamuka muri VAZs yimiryango itandukanye, irashobora kugira ahantu hatandukanye:
- Icyuma cya moteri (mubyitegererezo 2104, 2105 na 2107);
- Imbere, munsi yikibaho (muri moderi 2110 - 2112, kimwe no muri moderi ya Lada y'ubu);
- Niche hagati yicyuma cya moteri nikirahure (mubyitegererezo 2108, 2109, 21099, 2113 - 2115).
Kugirango ugere kubice bigize, ugomba gukuramo igifuniko cyacyo no gukora isuzuma.Uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo bwasobanuwe mubitabo byo gukora, kubungabunga no gusana imodoka.
Mugihe ugura ibice bishya cyangwa ibice byose, ugomba kuzirikana imiterere yabyo no guhuza na moderi zimwe na zimwe.Mubisanzwe, ubwoko butandukanye bwo guhagarika bukwiranye nimodoka imwe, kubwimodoka zimwe, guhitamo birashobora gukemurwa vuba kandi ku giciro gito.Hamwe na relay hamwe na fus, ibintu biroroshye cyane, nkuko bisanzwe kandi bitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-18-2023