Ihererekanyabubasha no guhindura torque muri garebox ikorwa nibikoresho bya diametre zitandukanye.Ibikoresho bya gare yateranijwe mubyo bita bloks - soma ibyerekeranye nibikoresho bya bokisi, imiterere n'imikorere, ndetse no kubitunganya no kubisana, mu ngingo.
Intego yo guhagarika ibyuma nu mwanya wabyo muri garebox
Nubwo ubwiyongere bwikwirakwizwa ryikora, intoki (cyangwa intoki) zohereza ntizitakaza gukundwa kwakamaro.Impamvu yabyo iroroshye - kohereza intoki biroroshye mubishushanyo, byizewe kandi bitanga amahirwe menshi yo gutwara.Kandi usibye, agasanduku k'imashini karoroshye gusana no kubungabunga.
Nkuko mubizi, muburyo bwo kohereza intoki, ibiti bifite ibikoresho bya diametre zitandukanye bikoreshwa muguhindura itara, rishobora gukorana nundi.Iyo uhinduranya ibyuma, kimwe cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyibikoresho birasezerana, kandi ukurikije igipimo cya diametre zabo (numubare w amenyo), itara riza kumurongo wimodoka irahinduka.Umubare wibikoresho bibiri mumashanyarazi yimodoka namakamyo birashobora kuva kuri bine (mumasanduku ya gare yihuta 3) kugeza kuri birindwi (mumashanyarazi agezweho ya 6 yihuta), hamwe numwe muribiri ukoreshwa mugukoresha ibikoresho byinyuma.Mu dusanduku twa za romoruki n'imashini zitandukanye z'imashini zidasanzwe, umubare wibikoresho bibiri bishobora kugera ku icumi cyangwa birenga.
Ibyuma biri mu gasanduku biherereye kuri shitingi (mu bwisanzure cyangwa bikomeye, ibi byasobanuwe hepfo), no kongera ubwizerwe no koroshya igishushanyo, ibikoresho bimwe byakusanyirijwe hamwe muburyo bumwe - guhagarika ibyuma.
Imashini ya garebox ni igice kimwe cyimiterere ya 2 cyangwa irenga izunguruka kumuvuduko umwe mugihe cyo gukora agasanduku.Guhuza ibikoresho muri bice bikorwa kubwimpamvu nyinshi:
- Kworoshya igishushanyo cyakazu hamwe no kugabanya umubare wibigize byakoreshejwe.Kubera ko igikoresho kimwe gikeneye gutanga ibyuma byacyo no gutwara, guhuriza hamwe mugace bituma ibice bitandukanye kuri buri bikoresho bitari ngombwa;
- Kunoza umusaruro wibikorwa bya gearbox;
- Kunoza ubwizerwe bwokwirakwiza (nanone mukugabanya ibice no koroshya igishushanyo).
Ariko, ibyuma byuma bifite inenge imwe: niba kimwe mubikoresho byacitse, ugomba guhindura blok yose.Nibyo, ibi byongera ikiguzi cyo gusana, ariko igisubizo nkicyo cyishyura inshuro nyinshi kubwimpamvu zasobanuwe haruguru.
Reka dusuzume muburyo burambuye ubwoko buriho nuburyo bwo gushushanya ibikoresho byohereza intoki.
Ubwoko nigishushanyo kiranga ibikoresho bya bikoresho
Guhagarika ibikoresho birashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda ukurikije ibisabwa n'intego:
- Ibikoresho byo hagati byahagaritswe;
- Ibikoresho bya shoferi (ikinyabiziga);
- Hindura ibyuma byuma.
Muri iki gihe, shitingi (primaire) isanzwe ikorerwa icyarimwe hamwe nibikoresho, kugirango ibyuma bitandukanye bitagaragara.
KP hagati yimyenda irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho:
- Ikomeye - ibikoresho na shaft bigize kimwe kimwe;
- Kwandika - ibikoresho byuma na shaft nibice byigenga, byegeranijwe muburyo bumwe.
Mugihe cyambere, shaft na gare bikozwe mubikorwa bimwe, nuko rero igice kimwe kidatandukanijwe.Ibiti nkibi nibisanzwe, kuko bifite igishushanyo cyoroshye nigiciro gito.Mugihe cya kabiri, imiterere yakusanyirijwe mumatiba hamwe na bibiri cyangwa bitatu cyangwa byinshi byuma byashyizwe kuri yo.Ariko uko byagenda kwose, ibikoresho byo guhagarika kuri compteur bizunguruka muri rusange.
Imashini itwara (icyiciro cya kabiri) ni imyandikire gusa, kandi ibyuma byuma bishobora kuzunguruka kubusa - bikosorwa hifashishijwe ifatanyabikorwa mugihe cyo gufungura ibikoresho runaka.Bitewe nigishushanyo mbonera kiranga intoki, imiyoboro ya shaft itwarwa ntabwo irimo ibyuma birenga 2, kandi mubisanzwe ibyo ni ibikoresho bya hafi.Kurugero, ibyuma bya 1 na 2, icya 3 nicya 4, kimwe nicyuma cya 2 nicya 3 (niba ibikoresho byibikoresho bya 1 biherereye bitandukanye), nibindi, birashobora guhurizwa hamwe.Muri icyo gihe, mu modoka 5 yihuta yohereza intoki, ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya 5 bikorwa mu buryo butandukanye, kubera ko ibikoresho bya 4 ubusanzwe bigororotse kandi iyo bifunguye, uruziga ruri hagati "ruzimya" ruva muri gare (muri uru rubanza, umuvuduko wa torque uva muburyo butaziguye bwa shoferi kumushumba).
Ibikoresho byinyuma bihora birimo ibyuma bibiri gusa, kimwe muricyo kijyanye nibikoresho byabugenewe byihariye naho icya kabiri hamwe nicyuma cya kabiri.Nkibisubizo byiri sano, umuvuduko wumuriro urahinduka kandi ikinyabiziga gishobora guhinduka.
Ibikoresho byose bya gearbox bifite igishushanyo mbonera - gikozwe mumashanyarazi imwe, kandi rimwe na rimwe usanga hari ibintu byongeweho byo kwizirika ku rufunzo cyangwa kwishora hamwe, kimwe no gushiraho ibyuma.Gearbox ikoresha ibyuma byombi hamwe nibikoresho bisanzwe bya spur.Mu dusanduku tugezweho, ibikoresho bya tekinike bikoreshwa cyane, bitera urusaku rwo hasi mugihe cyo gukora.Nyamara, ibyuma bisubiza inyuma bikorwa cyane cyane, kuko bikora kumuvuduko muke kandi urwego rwurusaku ntabwo ari ingenzi kuri bo.Muburyo bwa kera-bwohereza intoki, ibikoresho byose cyangwa hafi ya byose birihuta.
Ibikoresho byuma bikozwe mubyiciro bimwe byibyuma, kuko bifite imitwaro minini mugihe ikora.Na none, muburyo, ibyuma byuma ni binini kandi binini binini bihanganira guhangana nihungabana nubundi bukanishi, hamwe nuburemere bwumuriro.Ariko nubwo bimeze gurtyo, ibyuma byuma bisaba gusana buri gihe cyangwa gusimburwa.
Ibibazo byo gusana no gusimbuza ibyuma byuma
Guhagarika ibikoresho bikora mubihe bigoye, kuburyo imikorere mibi itandukanye ishobora kugaragara muri bo mugihe runaka.Mbere ya byose, ibikoresho birangwa no kwambara amenyo, mubisanzwe, ntibishobora gukumirwa.Hamwe nimikorere yoroheje yikinyabiziga, kwambara ibyuma byuma ntibikomeye cyane, kuburyo bishobora gukora imyaka mirongo, kandi gusimbuza ibyo bice kubera kwambara ntibikenewe.
Kenshi na kenshi, impamvu yo gusimbuza ibikoresho ni uguhindura kwabo, guturika, kumeneka no guhekenya amenyo, cyangwa kurimbuka burundu (bikunze kubaho mugihe ukoresha agasanduku gare ifite amenyo yamenetse).Iyi mikorere mibi yose igaragazwa nijwi ryiyongera rya garebox, kugaragara kwijwi ridasanzwe, gusya cyangwa gutobora mugihe cyo gukora no gukoresha ibikoresho, ndetse no gukora nabi garebox imwe cyangwa nyinshi.Muri ibi bihe byose, garebox igomba gusanwa kandi guhagarika ibyuma bigomba gusimburwa.Ntabwo tuzareba uburyo bwo gusana hano, kubera ko biterwa nubwoko nicyitegererezo cyagasanduku, ibisobanuro byuzuye murashobora kubisanga mumabwiriza yo kubungabunga no gusana ikinyabiziga.
Kugirango wongere ubuzima bwa serivisi ya bisi ya bisi hamwe nagasanduku kose, gufata neza gahunda yo kohereza bigomba gukorwa, kimwe no kwitonda kandi ubishoboye gukoresha ikinyabiziga - kuzimya neza no kuzimya ibikoresho, gutwara ku muvuduko mwiza mubihe biriho, nibindi. .
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2023