Mu mikorere yuburyo bwa crank ya moteri ya piston, rumwe mubikorwa byingenzi bikinishwa nibice bihuza piston na crankshaft - guhuza inkoni.Soma ibyerekeye inkoni ihuza icyo aricyo, ubwoko bwibi bice nuburyo butunganijwe, kimwe no guhitamo neza, gusana no gusimbuza inkoni zihuza muriyi ngingo.
Inkoni ihuza ni iki kandi ni ikihe kibanza gifite muri moteri?
Inkoni ihuza ni igice cyimikorere ya crank ya moteri yimbere ya piston yimbere yubwoko bwose;Igice gitandukanijwe cyagenewe guhuza piston nikinyamakuru cya crankshaft.
Iki gice gikora imirimo myinshi muri moteri:
Guhuza imashini ya piston na crankshaft;
Kwanduza kuva piston kuri crankshaft yibihe bivuka mugihe cyakazi;
Guhindura ingendo zisubirana za piston mukuzenguruka kwa crankshaft;
Lubricant itangwa kuri pin ya piston, urukuta rwa piston (kugirango ukonje wongeyeho) na silinderi, hamwe nibice byigihe mumashanyarazi hamwe na kamera yo hepfo.
Muri moteri, umubare winkoni zihuza zingana numubare wa piston, buri nkoni ihuza ihuza piston (binyuze mumaboko yumuringa na pin), naho igice cyo hepfo gihujwe nikinyamakuru cya crankshaft (binyuze mumutwe usanzwe).Nkigisubizo, hashyizweho imiterere ihamye, ituma kugenda piston yubusa mu ndege ihagaze.
Guhuza inkoni bigira uruhare runini mumikorere yumuriro wamashanyarazi, kandi gusenyuka kwabo guhagarika moteri rwose.Ariko kugirango uhitemo neza no gusimbuza iki gice, birakenewe gusobanukirwa igishushanyo cyacyo nibiranga.
Ubwoko nigishushanyo cyo guhuza inkoni
Uyu munsi, hari ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwo guhuza inkoni:
● Bisanzwe - inkoni zisanzwe zihuza zikoreshwa muburyo bwose bwa moteri ya piston;
● Byombi (bisobanuwe) - igice kigizwe ninkoni isanzwe ihuza inkoni hamwe ninkoni ihuza ihuza na yo idafite umutwe wumutwe, ibice nkibi bikoreshwa muri moteri ya V.
Igishushanyo cyinkoni ihuza moteri yimbere yashyizweho kandi igashyirwa mubikorwa (uko bishoboka kwose hamwe niterambere rigezweho ryikoranabuhanga), kubwibyo, nubwo moteri nini zitandukanye, ibyo bice byose bitunganijwe muburyo bumwe.
Inkoni ihuza ni igice gishobora gusenyuka (guhuza), aho ibice bitatu bitandukanye:
● Inkoni;
● Umutwe wa piston (hejuru);
● Umutwe (hepfo) umutwe ufite igifuniko gikurwaho (gitandukanijwe).
Inkoni, umutwe wo hejuru na kimwe cya kabiri cyumutwe wo hepfo nigice kimwe, ibyo bice byose bikozwe icyarimwe mugukora inkoni ihuza.Igifuniko cyumutwe wo hasi nigice gitandukanye gihujwe ninkoni ihuza muburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.Buri kimwe mu bice bigize inkoni ihuza gifite imiterere yacyo kandi ikora.
Guhuza igishushanyo mbonera
Inkoni.Ngiyo ishingiro ryinkoni ihuza ihuza imitwe kandi ikemeza kohereza imbaraga kuva mumutwe wa piston kugera kumutwe.Uburebure bw'inkoni bugena uburebure bwa piston na stroke, kimwe n'uburebure bwa moteri.Kugirango ugere kubisabwa bikenewe, imyirondoro itandukanye ifatanye ninkoni:
● I-beam hamwe na gahunda yo gutondekanya perpendicular cyangwa ibangikanye n'amashoka y'imitwe;
● Umusaraba.
Kenshi na kenshi, inkoni ihabwa umwirondoro wa I-beam hamwe na gahunda ndende ya tekinike (iburyo n'ibumoso, iyo urebye inkoni ihuza imihoro y'imitwe), ibisigaye bisigaye bikoreshwa gake.
Umuyoboro wacukuwe imbere yinkoni kugirango utange amavuta kuva mumutwe wo hasi kugeza kumutwe wo hejuru, mubice bimwe bihuza inkoni zihuza impande zakozwe kuva kumuyoboro wo hagati kugirango utere amavuta kurukuta rwa silinderi nibindi bice.Ku nkoni ya I-beam, aho kuba umuyoboro wacukuwe, umuyoboro wamavuta wicyuma uhujwe ninkoni hamwe nuduce twicyuma.
Mubisanzwe, inkoni irangwa kandi ikanashyirwaho kugirango ushireho neza igice.
Umutwe wa piston.Umwobo wacuzwe mu mutwe, ushyizwemo umuringa wa bronze, bigira uruhare runini.Piston pin yashizwe mumaboko hamwe nu mwanya muto.Kugirango usige amavuta yubuso bwa pin hamwe nintoki, hakozwe umwobo kugirango harebwe ko amavuta ava mumuyoboro imbere yinkoni ihuza inkoni.
Umutwe.Uyu mutwe uratandukanye, igice cyacyo cyo hasi gikozwe muburyo bwigifuniko kivanwaho gishyizwe kumutwe.Umuhuza arashobora:
● Igororotse - indege y'umuhuza iri ku mfuruka iburyo ku nkoni;
● Oblique - indege yumuhuza ikozwe muburyo runaka.
| Guhuza inkoni hamwe nigifuniko gifatika | Guhuza inkoni hamwe na oblique igifuniko gihuza |
Ibice bikunze kugaragara hamwe nu muhuza ugororotse, uhuza inkoni hamwe na connexion ya oblique ikoreshwa cyane kumashanyarazi ya V na moteri ya moteri ya mazutu, biroroshye kuyishyiraho no kugabanya ubunini bwumuriro.Igifuniko gishobora kwizirika ku nkoni ihuza hamwe na bolts na sitidiyo, gake cyane pin hamwe nandi masano akoreshwa.Hashobora kubaho ibice bibiri cyangwa bine (bibiri kuri buri ruhande), imitobe yabyo ikosorwa hamwe no gukaraba bidasanzwe cyangwa kumashini.Kugirango umenye neza guhuza kwizerwa, bolts irashobora kugira umwirondoro utoroshye kandi ikongerwamo ibice bifasha (centering bushings), bityo rero ibifunga byo guhuza inkoni zubwoko butandukanye ntibishobora guhinduka.
Igifuniko gishobora gukorwa icyarimwe hamwe ninkoni ihuza cyangwa ukwayo.Mugihe cyambere, nyuma yinkoni ihuza, umutwe wo hepfo ugabanyijemo ibice bibiri kugirango ukore igifuniko.Kugirango wemeze guhuza kwizewe no kwemeza ituze ryihuza mugihe habaye ibihe bihindagurika, hejuru ya docking hejuru yinkoni ihuza hamwe nigifuniko cyanditseho (iryinyo, rifunze urukiramende, nibindi).Hatitawe ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora inkoni ihuza, umwobo mu mutwe wo hasi urambiwe mu nteko hamwe nigifuniko, ibi bice rero bigomba gukoreshwa ari bibiri gusa, ntibishobora guhinduka.Kugirango wirinde guhinduranya inkoni ihuza igipfundikizo, ibimenyetso muburyo bwibimenyetso byuburyo butandukanye cyangwa imibare bikozwe kuri bo.
Igishushanyo cyo guhuza inkoni zubwoko butandukanye
Imbere yumutwe, hashyizweho ikintu kinini (liner), gikozwe muburyo bubiri-impeta.Kugirango ukosore ugutwi, hariho ibice bibiri cyangwa bine (grooves) imbere mumutwe, birimo whiskers ihuye kumurongo.Kuruhande rwinyuma rwumutwe, hashobora gutangwa amavuta yo gutera amavuta kurukuta rwa silinderi nibindi bice.
Mu nkoni zihuza inkoni, hashyizwemo umwobo urambiwe bikozwe hejuru yumutwe, aho hashyizwemo pin yumutwe wo hepfo winkoni ihuza inzira.Inkoni ikurikiranye ubwayo ifite igikoresho gisa ninkoni isanzwe ihuza, ariko umutwe wacyo wo hasi ufite diameter ntoya kandi ntishobora gutandukana.
Guhuza inkoni bikozwe mugushiraho kashe cyangwa guhimba, icyakora, igifuniko cyumutwe wo hasi kirashobora guterwa.Mugukora ibyo bice, hakoreshwa ibyiciro bitandukanye bya karubone hamwe nicyuma kivanze, gishobora gukora mubisanzwe munsi yimashini nini nubushyuhe.
Ibibazo byo kubungabunga, gusana no gusimbuza inkoni zihuza
Guhuza inkoni mugihe cya moteri ikora birashobora kwambara bike (kubera ko imizigo nyamukuru ibonwa numurongo uri mumutwe wo hasi hamwe nintoki mumutwe wo hejuru), kandi guhindagurika no kumeneka muri byo bibaho haba hamwe nimikorere mibi ya moteri cyangwa nkigisubizo cya ikoreshwa ryigihe kirekire.Ariko, mugihe ukora imirimo imwe yo gusana, birakenewe gusenya no gusenya inkoni zihuza, kandi kuvugurura igice cyamashanyarazi akenshi bijyana no gusimbuza inkoni zihuza nibice bifitanye isano.
Gusenya, gusenya no gushiraho inkoni zihuza bisaba kubahiriza amategeko amwe:
● Ibifuniko by'imitwe yo hepfo bigomba gushyirwaho gusa kuri "kavukire" ihuza inkoni, kumena igifuniko bisaba gusimbuza byuzuye inkoni ihuza;
● Mugihe ushyiraho inkoni zihuza, birakenewe kubahiriza gahunda yo kwishyiriraho - buri nkoni ihuza igomba gufata umwanya wacyo kandi ikagira icyerekezo gikwiye;
Kwizirika ku mbuto cyangwa ibihingwa bigomba gukorwa n'imbaraga runaka (ukoresheje umugozi wa torque).
By'umwihariko hagomba kwitonderwa icyerekezo cyinkoni ihuza umwanya.Mubusanzwe hariho ikimenyetso ku nkoni, iyo, iyo gishyizwe kuri moteri kumurongo, igomba kureba imbere yacyo kandi igahura nicyerekezo cyumwambi kuri piston.Muri moteri ya V, mumurongo umwe, ikimenyetso numwambi bigomba kureba muburyo bumwe (mubisanzwe umurongo wibumoso), no kumurongo wa kabiri - mubyerekezo bitandukanye.Iyi gahunda itanga uburinganire bwa KShM na moteri muri rusange.
Mugihe cyo kumena igifuniko, mugihe habaye torsion, gutandukana nandi mahinduka, kimwe no kurimbuka, inkoni zihuza zasimbuwe rwose.Inkoni nshya ihuza igomba kuba yubwoko bumwe na catalogi nkiyashyizwe kuri moteri mbere, ariko iki gice kiracyakeneye gutoranywa nuburemere kugirango moteri iringanize.Byiza, amatsinda yose ahuza inkoni na piston ya moteri agomba kuba afite uburemere bumwe, ariko mubyukuri inkoni zose zihuza, piston, pin na linine zifite imbaga zitandukanye (cyane cyane niba hakoreshwa ibice byo gusana), bityo ibice bigomba gupimwa. kandi byuzuye kuburemere.Uburemere bwinkoni zihuza bugenwa no kuzirikana uburemere bwa buri mutwe.
Gusenya, gusimbuza no guteranya inkoni zihuza hamwe nitsinda rihuza inkoni-piston bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza imodoka.Mugihe kizaza, inkoni zihuza ntizikeneye kubungabungwa bidasanzwe.Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gushiraho inkoni zihuza, moteri izatanga imikorere ikenewe mubikorwa byose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-05-2023