Buri kinyabiziga kigomba kuba gifite sisitemu yo gufata feri, ibyuma bikoresha ibyuma bya feri bihuye ningoma ya feri cyangwa disiki.Igice kinini cyibipapuro ni imirongo yo guterana.Soma ibyerekeye ibice byose, ubwoko bwabyo, igishushanyo nuburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo.
Urupapuro rwa feri ni iki?
Urupapuro rwa feri (umurongo wa friction) ni igice cyimikorere ya feri yimodoka, ituma hashyirwaho feri ya feri kubera imbaraga zo guterana amagambo.
Umurongo wo guterana ni igice cyingenzi cya feri, ihura neza ningoma ya feri cyangwa disiki mugihe feri yikinyabiziga.Bitewe nimbaraga zo guterana zituruka ku guhura ningoma / disiki, umurongo ukurura ingufu za kinetic yikinyabiziga, ukayihindura ubushyuhe kandi ugabanya umuvuduko cyangwa guhagarara byuzuye.Imirongo ifite coefficente yiyongereye yo guterana hamwe nicyuma nicyuma (bivamo ingoma ya feri na disiki), kandi icyarimwe bifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kwambara no kwirinda kwambara cyane ingoma / disiki.
Uyu munsi, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa feri yerekana feri, kandi kugirango uhitemo neza ibyo bice, birakenewe gusobanukirwa ibyiciro byabo hamwe nigishushanyo.
Ubwoko nigishushanyo cya feri ya feri
Imirongo yerekana ibice bya feri irashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda ukurikije intego, igishushanyo mbonera, hamwe nibigize.
Ukurikije intego, amakarito agabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri:
• Kuri feri y'ingoma;
• Kuri feri ya disiki.
Ingoma ya feri yingoma ni isahani ya arcuate ifite radiyo yo hanze ihuye na radiyo yimbere yingoma.Iyo feri, imirongo iruhukira hejuru yimbere yingoma, bigabanya umuvuduko wikinyabiziga.Nibisanzwe, ingoma ya feri yingoma ifite ubuso bunini bukora.Buri feri yuburyo bwa feri ifite ibyuma bibiri biri ahateganye, ibyo bikaba bigabanya no gukwirakwiza imbaraga.
Disiki ya feri ni isahani iringaniye cyangwa izindi shusho zitanga ahantu hanini ho guhurira na disiki ya feri.Buri feri ya feri ikoresha ibipapuro bibiri, hagati ya disiki ifatirwa mugihe cyo gufata feri.
Na none, imirongo ya feri igabanijwemo amatsinda abiri ukurikije aho washyizeho:
• Kuri feri yibiziga - imbere, inyuma na rusange;
• Kuburyo bwo guhagarika feri yamakamyo (hamwe ningoma kumutwe).
Mu buryo bwubaka, imirongo yo guteranya ni amasahani yabumbwe kuva polymer ihimbye hamwe nibintu bigoye.Ibigize birimo ibice bitandukanye - gushiraho ikadiri, kuzuza, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, guhambira nibindi.Mugihe kimwe, ibikoresho byose bivamo imirongo bishobora kugabanywamo amatsinda abiri yingenzi:
• Asibesitosi;
• Asibesitosi.
Ishimikiro rya asibesitosi ni, nkuko byoroshye kubyumva, fibre ya asibesitosi (uyumunsi ni asibesitosi ya chrysotile ifite umutekano muke), ikora nkibikoresho byerekana isahani ifata ibindi bice bigize.Amapaki nkayo aroroshye, ariko mugihe kimwe afite coefficient nyinshi yo guterana amagambo, birinda kwambara cyane ingoma / disiki kandi bigabanya urusaku.Mubicuruzwa bitarimo asibesitosi, polymer zitandukanye cyangwa fibre minerval bigira uruhare rwurwego rwibigize, ibyo birenga bikurikiza amahame y’ibidukikije, ariko bihenze kandi rimwe na rimwe bifite imikorere mibi (birakomeye, akenshi ni urusaku, nibindi .).Kubwibyo, uyumunsi imirongo ya asibesitosi iracyakoreshwa cyane.
Ibikoresho bitandukanye bya polymeriki bikoreshwa nkuzuza mugukora ibicuruzwa byinshi, polymers, resin, reberi, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, ububumbyi, kogosha ibyuma (bikozwe mu muringa cyangwa ibindi byuma byoroshye) kugirango ubushyuhe bwiza bugabanuke, nibindi bice bishobora kuba bihari mubigize .Hafi ya buri ruganda rukoresha ibyarwo (rimwe na rimwe bidasanzwe), bityo ibice byo guterana amagambo birashobora gutandukana cyane.
Imirongo yo guteranya yakozwe ikoresheje tekinoroji ebyiri zingenzi:
• Gukonjesha;
• Kanda cyane.
Mugihe cyambere, imirongo ikorwa kuva ivanze ryarangiye muburyo budasanzwe nta gushyushya byongeye.Nyamara, abayikora benshi bongeyeho gukoresha ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa nyuma yo kubumba.Mugihe cya kabiri, imvange ikanda muburyo bushyushye (amashanyarazi).Nibisanzwe, hamwe no gukonjesha gukonje, bihendutse, ariko bitaramba kumurongo uraboneka, hamwe no gukanda bishyushye, ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge, ariko kandi bihenze.
Hatitawe ku buryo bwo gukora no guhimba, nyuma yo gukora, imirongo isizwe neza kandi ikorerwa ubundi buryo bwo gutunganywa.Imirongo yo guterana igiye kugurishwa muburyo butandukanye:
• Birenzeho udashyizeho umwobo hamwe na feri;
• Gupfukirana imyobo yashizwemo;
• Gupfukirana umwobo hamwe no gufunga;
• Feri yuzuye ya feri - imirongo yashizwe kumurongo.
Imirongo yerekana ibice bya feri idafite umwobo nibice byose bishobora guhindurwa kuri feri yimodoka zitandukanye, zifite ibipimo bikwiye na radiyo.Kurenga hamwe nu mwobo birakwiriye kubintu bimwe na bimwe byimodoka, birashoboka kubishyira kuri padi hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwibyobo nyuma yo gucukura byongeye, cyangwa ntibishoboka rwose.Kurengana byuzuye hamwe na feri byorohereza inzira yo kwishyiriraho no gufasha kwemeza ibisubizo byiza cyane.
Amashanyarazi ya feri yuzuye asanzwe ari ubwoko butandukanye bwibice byabigenewe, bikoreshwa mugusana feri ya disiki, uburyo bwingoma hamwe na padi zometse ku makariso, cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvuza ingoma nabi.Ku makamyo, ibintu nkibi ntibikoreshwa gake.
Imirongo yo guhuzagurika yashyizwe kuri feri ya feri ifite imirongo (ikomeye kandi idafite umwobo) cyangwa kuri kole.Imiyoboro ikoreshwa muri feri yingoma, kole ikoreshwa cyane muri feri ya feri.Gukoresha imirongo itanga ubushobozi bwo gusimbuza imirongo uko ishaje.Kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwingoma ya feri cyangwa disiki, imirongo ikozwe mubyuma byoroshye - aluminiyumu hamwe na aliyumu yayo, umuringa, umuringa.
Imashini zikoresha imashini na elegitoronike zirashobora gushyirwaho kumurongo wa feri igezweho.Imashini ikora ni isahani mumubiri wumurongo, iyo, igice kirangiye, gitangira kunyeganyeza ingoma cyangwa disiki, bigatuma ijwi riranga.Icyuma cya elegitoroniki nacyo cyihishe mumubiri wumurongo, iyo cyambarwa, umuzenguruko urafunzwe (binyuze muri disiki cyangwa ingoma) kandi icyerekezo kijyanye nacyo kimurika kumurongo.
Guhitamo neza, gusimbuza no gukora feri ya feri
Imirongo yo guterana irashobora kwambara mugihe ikora, ubunini bwayo buragabanuka buhoro buhoro, bigatuma kugabanuka kwizerwa rya feri.Nkuko bisanzwe, umurongo umwe ukora kilometero ibihumbi 15-30, nyuma ugomba gusimburwa.Mubihe bigoye byo gukora (kwiyongera k'umukungugu, kugenda hejuru y'amazi n'umwanda, mugihe ukora munsi yimitwaro myinshi), gusimbuza imirongo bigomba gukorwa kenshi.Imirongo igomba guhinduka mugihe yambarwa kugeza byibuze byemewe - mubisanzwe byibura mm 2-3.
Kubisimbuza, birakenewe gukoresha imirongo yo guterana ifite ibipimo bikwiranye nimodoka runaka - ubugari, uburebure nubugari (ibipimo byose bikenewe mubisanzwe byerekanwe kumurongo).Gusa muriki gihe, umurongo uzakanda rwose kurugoma cyangwa disiki kandi hazashyirwaho imbaraga zihagije zo gufata feri.Kugirango ushyire padi kuri blok, urashobora gukoresha imirongo ikozwe mubyuma byoroshye, nibyiza gutanga ibyifuzo kubifata mugikoresho.Imirongo igomba gushyingurwa mumubiri wumurongo kugirango birinde gukanda ingoma, bitabaye ibyo ibice bizajya byangirika cyane kandi birashobora kunanirwa.
Birakenewe guhindura imirongo kuri feri kumurongo wuzuye, cyangwa, mugihe gikabije, byombi kumuziga umwe - ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kwemeza imikorere isanzwe ya feri.Birakenewe gukora umusimbura byuzuye ukurikije amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza imodoka runaka, bitabaye ibyo hakaba bishoboka cyane ko feri yangirika.
Mugihe ukoresha imodoka, ugomba kwirinda gushyukwa cyane kumurongo, kimwe no gutose no kwanduza - ibi byose bigabanya umutungo wabo kandi byongera amahirwe yo gusenyuka.Mugihe utwaye amazi, imirongo igomba gukama (kwihuta inshuro nyinshi hanyuma ukande pederi ya feri), hamwe no kumanuka muremure, birasabwa kwitabaza feri ya moteri, nibindi. Hamwe nogukora neza no gusimbuza mugihe, feri yimodoka izakora neza kandi neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2023