Sisitemu yo gufata feri irwanya gufunga (ABS) ikurikirana ibipimo byimodoka ikurikije ibyasomwe byashyizwe kumuziga umwe cyangwa nyinshi.Wige ibijyanye na sensor ya ABS n'impamvu ikenewe, ubwoko bwayo, uko ikora n'amahame umurimo wacyo ushingiyeho - shakisha mu ngingo.
Niki sensor ya ABS
Sensor ya ABS (nayo sensor yihuta yimodoka, DSA) ni sensor idahuza yumuvuduko wo kuzunguruka (cyangwa umuvuduko) wiziga ryibinyabiziga bifite sisitemu zitandukanye zumutekano zikorana buhanga hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura abafasha.Umuvuduko wihuta nibintu byingenzi bipima byemeza imikorere ya sisitemu yo gufata feri irwanya gufunga (ABS), sisitemu yo kugenzura umutekano (ESC) no kugenzura gukurura.Nanone, ibyasomwe byifashishwa muri sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zo kugenzura uburyo bwogukwirakwiza, gupima umuvuduko w'ipine, gucana imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'ibindi.
Imodoka zose zigezweho nizindi modoka nyinshi ziziga zifite ibyuma byihuta.Ku modoka zitwara abagenzi, sensor zishyirwa kuri buri ruziga, ku binyabiziga byubucuruzi namakamyo, sensor zirashobora gushyirwaho haba kumuziga yose no mumashanyarazi atandukanye (imwe kuri axle).Rero, sisitemu yo gufata feri irwanya gufunga irashobora gukurikirana imiterere yibiziga byose cyangwa ibiziga byimodoka, kandi ukurikije aya makuru, ugahindura imikorere ya sisitemu yo gufata feri.
Ubwoko bwa sensor ya ABS
DSAs zose zihari zigabanijwe mumatsinda abiri manini:
• Passive - inductive;
• Igikora - magnetoresistive kandi ishingiye kuri sensor ya Hall.
Ibyuma bya pasiporo ntibisaba amashanyarazi yo hanze kandi bifite igishushanyo cyoroshye, ariko bifite ubunyangamugayo buke hamwe nibibi byinshi, kubwubu rero ntibikoreshwa bike.Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bya ABS bikenera imbaraga zo gukora, birasa nuburyo bugoye mubishushanyo kandi bihenze, ariko bitanga ibyasomwe neza kandi byizewe mubikorwa.Kubwibyo, uyumunsi ibyuma bifata ibyuma byashyizwe kumodoka nyinshi.
DSA y'ubwoko bwose ifite verisiyo ebyiri:
• Ugororotse (iherezo);
• Inguni.
Rukuruzi rutaziguye rufite ishusho ya silinderi cyangwa inkoni, kuruhande rumwe rwashyizwemo ikintu cyo kumva, kurundi - umuhuza cyangwa insinga hamwe nu muhuza.Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata inguni cyangwa insinga ifite umuhuza, kandi bifite na plastike cyangwa icyuma gifite umwobo wa bolt.
Igishushanyo nigikorwa cya ABS sensor inductive
Nibintu byihuta byihuta mugushushanya no gukora.Ishingiye ku gikomere cya inductor gifite insinga ntoya y'umuringa, imbere muri yo hakaba harimo rukuruzi ikomeye ihoraho hamwe na rukuruzi ya rukuruzi.Impera ya coil hamwe na rukuruzi ya magnetiki iherereye ahateganye nicyuma cyuma cyuma (pulse rotor), gishyizwe kumurongo wibiziga.Amenyo ya rotor afite umwirondoro wurukiramende, intera iri hagati y amenyo angana cyangwa aruta gato ubugari bwayo.
Imikorere yiyi sensor ishingiye kuri phenomenon ya electromagnetic induction.Kuruhuka, ntamwanya uhari muri sensor coil, kuva izengurutswe numurima uhoraho wa magneti - nta kimenyetso cyerekana ibisohoka bya sensor.Mugihe imodoka igenda, amenyo ya rotor ya pulse anyura hafi ya magnetiki ya sensor ya sensor, biganisha kumihindagurikire yumurima wa rukuruzi unyura muri coil.Nkigisubizo, umurima wa magneti uhinduranya, ibyo, ukurikije amategeko yindurwe ya electromagnetic, ibyara insimburangingo muri coil.Ubu bugenda butandukana ukurikije amategeko ya sine, kandi inshuro zimpinduka zubu biterwa numuvuduko wo kuzunguruka rotor, ni ukuvuga kumuvuduko wimodoka.
Indorerezi yihuta ifite inenge zikomeye - zitangira gukora gusa mugihe umuvuduko runaka watsinzwe ugakora ikimenyetso kidakomeye.Ibi bituma bidashoboka ko ABS nizindi sisitemu zikora kumuvuduko muke kandi akenshi biganisha kumakosa.Kubwibyo, pasiporo DSAs yubwoko bwa inductive uyumunsi itanga inzira kubikorwa byinshi byateye imbere.
Igishushanyo nigikorwa cya sensor sensor zishingiye kubintu bya Hall
Sensor zishingiye kubintu bya Hall nibisanzwe cyane kubera ubworoherane no kwizerwa.Bashingiye ku ngaruka za Hall - kuba habaho itandukaniro rishobora guhinduka mumashanyarazi yindege yashyizwe mumashanyarazi.Umuyoboro nk'uyu ni icyuma cya kare gishyizwe muri microcircuit (Hall integrated circuit), ikubiyemo kandi isuzuma ryumuzunguruko utanga ibimenyetso bya digitale.Iyi chip yashyizwe mumashanyarazi yihuta.
Mu buryo bwubaka, DSA ifite element ya Hall iroroshye: ishingiye kuri microcircuit, inyuma yayo hari magneti ahoraho, kandi icyuma cya plaque-magnetiki gishobora kuba hafi yacyo.Ibi byose bishyirwa murubanza, inyuma yacyo hari umuhuza w'amashanyarazi cyangwa umuyoboro ufite umuhuza.Rukuruzi iherereye ahateganye na rotor ya pulse, ishobora gukorwa haba muburyo bwicyuma cyangwa impeta ifite ibice bya magneti, rotor ya pulse yashizwe kumurongo wibiziga.
Ihame ryimikorere ya sensor ya Hall nuburyo bukurikira.Inzu ihuriweho na Hall ihora itanga ibimenyetso bya digitale muburyo bwa kare ya pulses ya frequency runaka.Kuruhuka, iki kimenyetso gifite inshuro ntoya cyangwa ntigihari rwose.Mu ntangiriro yimodoka yimodoka, ibice bya magneti cyangwa amenyo ya rotor anyura kuri sensor, bikubiyemo impinduka zumuyaga muri sensor - iyi mpinduka ikurikiranwa numuzunguruko wo gusuzuma, utanga ibimenyetso bisohoka.Inshuro yikimenyetso cya pulse biterwa nihuta ryizunguruka ryiziga, rikoreshwa na sisitemu yo gufata feri irwanya gufunga.
DSA yubwoko nkubu nta mbogamizi ziterwa na sensor inductive, ziragufasha gupima umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka kwiziga byukuri kuva kuri santimetero yambere yimodoka, birasobanutse kandi byizewe mubikorwa.
Igishushanyo nigikorwa cya anisotropic magnetoresistive yihuta
Imashini yihuta ya Magnetoresistive ishingiye ku ngaruka ya anisotropique ya magnetoresistive, iyo ikaba ihinduka mukurwanya amashanyarazi yibikoresho bya ferromagnetiki mugihe icyerekezo cyabo gihindutse ugereranije numurima uhoraho wa magneti.
Ikintu cyunvikana cya sensor ni "cake layer" ya plaque ebyiri cyangwa enye zoroshye cyane (icyuma kidasanzwe cya nikel nikel), aho hashyirwaho ibyuma bifata ibyuma, bikwirakwiza imirongo yumurongo wa magneti muburyo runaka.Isahani hamwe nuyobora bishyirwa mumuzunguruko uhuriweho, nawo urimo uruziga rwo gusuzuma kugirango rukore ibimenyetso bisohoka.Iyi chip yashyizwe muri sensor iri ahateganye na pulse rotor - impeta ya plastike ifite ibice bya magneti.Impeta yashizwe kumurongo wibiziga.
Imikorere ya sensor ya AMR itetse kugeza kuri ibi bikurikira.Kuruhuka, kurwanya plaque ya ferromagnetic ya sensor ntigihinduka, bityo ibimenyetso bisohoka byakozwe numuzunguruko uhuriweho nabyo ntabwo bihinduka cyangwa ntibihari rwose.Mugihe imodoka igenda, ibice bya magneti byimpeta ya pulse byanyuze kuri sensor sensing element, biganisha kumpinduka zimwe mubyerekezo byumurongo wa magneti.Ibi bitera impinduka mukurwanya ibyapa bya permalloy, bigenzurwa numuzenguruko wo gusuzuma - nkigisubizo, ikimenyetso cya digitale cyakozwe mugisohoka cya sensor, inshuro yacyo ikaba ihwanye numuvuduko wimodoka.
Twabibutsa ko sensor ya magnetoresistive igufasha gukurikirana gusa umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka kwiziga, ariko kandi nicyerekezo cyizunguruka nigihe cyo guhagarara.Ibi birashoboka bitewe nuko habaho rotor ya pulse ifite ibice bya magneti: sensor ntikurikirana gusa ihinduka ryerekezo ryumurima wa rukuruzi, ariko kandi ikurikirana nuruhererekane rwibice bya magnetiki byanyuze mubintu byunvikana.
DSAs yubu bwoko niyo yizewe cyane, itanga ubunyangamugayo buhanitse mugupima umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka kwiziga hamwe nigikorwa cyiza cya sisitemu ishinzwe umutekano wibinyabiziga.
Ihame rusange ryimikorere ya sensor yihuta nkigice cya ABS nizindi sisitemu
Sisitemu yo gufata feri irwanya gufunga, utitaye kuri sensor zashyizwemo, zifite ihame rimwe ryimikorere.Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ABS rikurikirana ibimenyetso biva mu byuma byihuta kandi bikabigereranya n'ibipimo byabanje kubarwa byerekana umuvuduko n'umuvuduko w'ikinyabiziga (ibi bipimo ni buri muntu kuri buri modoka).Niba ibimenyetso biva kuri sensor hamwe nibipimo byanditse mubice bigenzura bihuye, sisitemu idakora.Niba ikimenyetso kiva kuri sensor imwe cyangwa nyinshi zitandukanije ibipimo byashushanyije (ni ukuvuga ibiziga byafunzwe), noneho sisitemu iba yashyizwe muri sisitemu ya feri, ikumira ingaruka mbi zo gufunga ibiziga.
Andi makuru yerekeye imikorere ya feri irwanya gufunga hamwe nubundi buryo bukoreshwa mumutekano wimodoka urashobora kubisanga mubindi bice kurubuga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-24-2023