Muri moteri nyinshi zo gutwika imbere, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gaze burimo ibice byemeza ihererekanyabubasha riva mumashusho yerekeza mumibande - gusunika.Soma byose kubyerekeranye na tappe ya valve, ubwoko bwayo, igishushanyo nibiranga imikorere, kimwe no guhitamo no kubisimbuza, muriki kiganiro.
Tappet ya valve ni iki?
Tappet ya valve ni igice cyuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gaze ya piston imbere yo gutwika;igikoresho cyo gukurikirana igihe, cyohereza imbaraga za axial kuva kamashaft kugera kuri valve mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa binyuze mubintu bifasha (inkoni, ukuboko kwa rocker).
Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gaze ya moteri iyo ari yo yose yo gutwika imbere muri rusange ishingiye ku bice bitatu by'ingenzi: kamashaft, izunguruka icyarimwe (ariko hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri cy'umuvuduko w'inguni) hamwe na crankshaft, valve na drive yabo.Imikorere yuburyo bwa valve ikurikirana umwanya wa camshaft kandi ikemeza ko imbaraga zivuye muri zo zinjira.Ibice bitandukanye birashobora gukoreshwa nka disiki: inkoni, amaboko ya rocker hamwe kandi nta nkoni, nibindi.Mubihe byinshi, ibice byinyongera nabyo birakoreshwa - gusunika.
Gusunika igihe bikora imirimo myinshi:
● Bakora nkumuhuza hagati ya camashaft kamera nibindi bice bya disiki ya valve;
Gutanga ihererekanyabubasha ryingufu ziva muri kamera ya kamera kuri buri kibaya;
Gukwirakwiza neza imizigo ituruka ku kuzenguruka kwa kamera no gukora igihe;
Kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi ibice byigihe no koroshya kubungabunga;
Gusunika ubwoko bumwe - butanga ubushyuhe bukenewe hagati yibice byigihe na / cyangwa koroshya inzira yo guhinduka.
Tappet ya valve nigice cyingenzi cyigihe, mugihe habaye imikorere mibi ya moteri yangirika cyane.Mugihe habaye gusenyuka, gusunika bigomba gusimburwa, kandi kugirango uhitemo neza igice gishya, birakenewe gusobanukirwa ubwoko nibishushanyo bihari.
Ubwoko nigishushanyo cya tape ya valve
Ukurikije igishushanyo n’ihame ryimikorere, abasunika bagabanijwe muburyo butandukanye:
● Belleville;
Yl Cylindrical (piston);
Roller;
Hydraulic.
Buri musunika afite ibishushanyo mbonera byihariye hamwe nibisabwa.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa tappe ya valve
Igipupe cya valve
Muri rusange, gusunika nkibi bigizwe ninkoni hamwe na disiki ya disiki, hamwe na yo iba kuri camashaft.Ku mpera yinkoni hari urudodo rwo gushiraho Bolt yoguhindura hamwe na locknut, unyuzamo icyuho cyumuriro.Igice gishyigikira gusunika gikorerwa ubushyuhe (carburisation) kugirango hongerwe imbaraga zo kwambara.
Ukurikije imiterere yigice gishyigikira (isahani), aba basunika bigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri:
● Hamwe n'inkunga ihamye;
● Hamwe n'inkunga ifatika.
Basunika ubwoko bwambere bakora murwego rumwe hamwe na camshaft hamwe na cams hamwe na silindrike ikora.Gusunika ubwoko bwa kabiri bikoreshwa hamwe na camshafts hamwe na cam cam (hamwe nubuso bukora)
Tappeti ya disiki ubu ntabwo ikoreshwa, yashyizwe kuri moteri ifite valve yo hepfo cyangwa kuruhande ihujwe cyangwa idafite inkoni.
Cilindrical (piston) valve tappe
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwo gusunika ubu bwoko:
Hol Umuyoboro wa silindrike;
● Ibirahuri munsi ya barbell;
● Ibirahuri munsi ya valve.
Mugihe cyambere, gusunika bikozwe muburyo bwa silinderi ifunze, kugirango, kugirango byoroherezwe igishushanyo, gifite imyenge n'amadirishya imbere.Ku mpera imwe hari urudodo rwo guhinduranya bolt hamwe na locknut.Ibisunika nkibi ntibikoreshwa gake muri iki gihe, kuko ari binini kandi byongera ibipimo byigihe cyose.
Mugihe cya kabiri, gusunika bikozwe muburyo bwikirahure cya diameter ntoya, imbere hakozwe ikiruhuko (agatsinsino) kugirango hashyirwemo inkoni.Windows irashobora gukorwa murukuta rwigice kugirango yorohereze hamwe namavuta asanzwe.Gusunika ubu bwoko biracyaboneka kumashanyarazi ashaje hamwe na kamera yo hepfo.
Mugihe cya gatatu, gusunika bikozwe muburyo bwikirahure cya diameter nini, imbere yacyo hagashyirwaho aho bahurira kugirango bashimangire kumpera yikibaho.Mubisanzwe, gusunika ni uruzitiro ruto, hepfo yacyo no guhuza aho bivura ubushyuhe (bikomye cyangwa karubisi).Ibice nkibi bikoreshwa cyane, byashyizwe muri moteri hamwe na camshaft yo hejuru hamwe na valve itaziguye.
Ubwoko bwa silindrike isunika kuri valve ni pusher ifite isabune yogushiraho yashyizwe hepfo (kamera ya kamera irahagarara).Gukaraba birashobora kugira ubunini butandukanye, kubisimbuza bikorwa muguhindura icyuho cyumuriro.
Roller valve tappets
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwo gusunika ubu bwoko:
Kurangiza;
Lever.
Mugihe cyambere, gusunika bikozwe muburyo bwinkoni ya silindrike, mugice cyo hepfo yacyo hashyirwaho uruziga rwicyuma hifashishijwe urushinge, kandi ikiruhuko (agatsinsino) kinkoni gitangwa kumpera yo hejuru.Mugihe cya kabiri, igice gikozwe muburyo bwa lever hamwe ninkunga imwe, ku rutugu hashyizweho uruziga kandi hari ikiruhuko cyinkoni.
Ibikoresho byubu bwoko bikoreshwa cyane muri moteri ifite kamera yo hepfo, ntabwo iboneka kumashanyarazi mashya.
Hydraulic valve tappe
Gusunika Hydraulic (kuzamura hydraulic) nigisubizo kigezweho gikoreshwa kuri moteri nyinshi.Basunika ubu bwoko bafite uburyo bwa hydraulic bwuburyo bwo guhindura icyuho cyumuriro, gihita gihitamo icyuho kandi kigakora imikorere isanzwe ya moteri.
Ishingiro ryibishushanyo mbonera ni umubiri (icyarimwe ukora imirimo ya plunger), bikozwe muburyo bwikirahure kinini.Imbere mu mubiri harimo silinderi yimukanwa hamwe na cheque ya cheque igabanya silindiri mu myobo ibiri.Kuruhande rwinyuma rwamazu ya hydraulic, inzu yumuzingi ikozwe nu mwobo wo gutanga amavuta kuri silinderi kuva muri sisitemu yo gusiga moteri.Gusunika byashyizwe mumaso yanyuma yikibabi cya valve, mugihe igikonjo kumubiri cyacyo gihujwe numuyoboro wamavuta mumutwe.
Hydraulic pusher ikora kuburyo bukurikira.Kuri ubu iyo kamera ya kamashaft yiruka muri pusher, silinderi ihura nigitutu kiva kuri valve ikagenda hejuru, valve igenzura ifunga kandi igafunga amavuta ari imbere muri silinderi - imiterere yose igenda muri rusange, ikemeza gufungura valve .Mugihe cyumuvuduko mwinshi kuri pusher, amavuta amwe arashobora gucengera mu cyuho kiri hagati ya silinderi numubiri usunika, ibyo bigatuma habaho impinduka mubikorwa.
Igishushanyo cya hydraulic pusher (kuzamura hydraulic)
Iyo kamera ihunze igisunika, valve irazamuka igafunga, muriki gihe umubiri usunika uhanganye numuyoboro wamavuta mumutwe wa silinderi, kandi umuvuduko uri muri silinderi uragabanuka hafi ya zeru.Nkigisubizo, amavuta ava mumutwe atsinda imbaraga zamasoko ya cheque valve hanyuma arakingura, yinjira muri silinderi (mubyukuri, mubyumba bisohora imbere).Bitewe numuvuduko watewe, umubiri usunika urazamuka (kuva silinderi iruhukira kuruti rwa valve) ikaruhukira kuri kamera ya kamera - nuburyo icyuho cyatoranijwe.Mugihe kizaza, inzira irasubirwamo.
Mugihe cyimikorere ya moteri, ubuso bwa tappets, camshaft cams hamwe nimpera yikibabi cya valve bishaje kandi bigahinduka, kandi kubera gushyuha, ibipimo byibindi bice byuburyo bwo kugabura bihinduka muburyo bumwe, bigatuma habaho impinduka zitagenzuwe muri byemewe.Tappet ya Hydraulic yishyura izo mpinduka, burigihe ireba ko nta cyuho kandi ko uburyo bwose bukora mubisanzwe.
Ibibazo byo gutoranya no gusimbuza tape ya valve
Icyo ari cyo cyosegusunika, nubwo ubushyuhe bwo kuvura hejuru yakazi kabo, kurambura igihe cyangwa imikorere idahwitse, guhagarika imikorere ya moteri.Ibibazo hamwe nabasunika bigaragazwa no kwangirika kwa moteri, harimo nimpinduka mugihe cya valve.Inyuma, iyi mikorere idahwitse igaragazwa n urusaku ruranga moteri, ikamenyekana byoroshye nabanyabukorikori babimenyereye.Ariko, kubijyanye na moteri hamwe na hydraulic lift, urusaku ako kanya nyuma yo gutangira ntabwo ari ikibazo.Ikigaragara ni uko nyuma ya moteri idafite akazi, amavuta asiga tappets hamwe numuyoboro wumutwe, kandi amasegonda make ya mbere ntabwo atanga guhitamo icyuho - ibi bigaragazwa no gukomanga.Nyuma yamasegonda make, sisitemu iragenda iba myiza kandi urusaku rurazimira.Niba urusaku rugaragaye mumasegonda arenga 10-12, ugomba rero kwitondera imiterere yabasunika.
Gusunika inenge bigomba gusimburwa nibindi bishya byubwoko bumwe na numero ya catalog.Gusimbuza bigomba gukorwa hubahirijwe amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza imodoka, iki gikorwa kijyanye no gusenya igice cyumutwe wa silinderi kandi gisaba gukoresha igikoresho kidasanzwe (cyo kumisha valve nibindi), nibyiza rero wizere abahanga.Nyuma yo gusimbuza gusunika, birakenewe mugihe cyo guhindura ibiboneka, ariko niba hakoreshejwe hydraulic ibice, ubwo rero ntabwo bikenewe kubungabungwa.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-14-2023