Ikinyabiziga cyimodoka nuburyo bwihariye butuma ushobora gusana buri gihe ikamyo cyangwa imodoka mugihe aho gusana bigomba gukorwa udashyigikiye imodoka kumuziga, kimwe no guhindura ibiziga aho bihagarara cyangwa guhagarara .Ibyoroshye bya jack igezweho ni mubigenda byayo, uburemere buke, kwiringirwa no koroshya kubungabunga.
Kenshi na kenshi, jack zikoreshwa nabashoferi bamakamyo namakamyo, ibigo bitwara ibinyabiziga (cyane cyane amakipe yabo agendanwa), serivisi zimodoka hamwe no guhuza amapine.
Ibintu nyamukuru
Ubushobozi bwo kwikorera (bwerekanwe mubiro cyangwa toni) nuburemere ntarengwa bwumutwaro jack ishobora guterura.Kugirango umenye niba jack ikwiriye guterura iyi modoka, birakenewe ko ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara butaba munsi yubwa jack isanzwe cyangwa kuba byibuze 1/2 cyuburemere bwimodoka.
Ihuriro ryingoboka nigice cyo hasi cya jack.Mubisanzwe ni binini kuruta igice cyo hejuru cyo hejuru kugirango gitange igitutu gito cyihariye hejuru yikigero gishoboka, kandi gitangwa na "spike" kugirango wirinde ko jack itanyerera kurubuga rushyigikiwe.
Pickup nigice cya jack yagenewe kuruhukira mumodoka cyangwa umutwaro uteruye.Kuri screw cyangwa rack jack ya moderi ishaje yimodoka zo murugo, ni inkoni izunguruka, kubandi, nkuko bisanzwe, agace gakomeye (guterura agatsinsino).
Uburebure ntarengwa (intangiriro) bwo gutora (N.min)- intera ntoya ihagaritse kuva kuri platifomu (umuhanda) kugera kuri pickup mumwanya wacyo wo hasi.Uburebure bwambere bugomba kuba buto kugirango jack yinjire hagati yumwanya wo gushyigikira no guhagarika cyangwa ibintu byumubiri.
Uburebure ntarengwa bwo guterura (N..max)- intera nini ihagaritse kuva murwego rwo gushyigikira kugera kuri pick-up mugihe uteruye umutwaro muburebure bwuzuye.Agaciro kadahagije ka Hmax ntizemera ko jack ikoreshwa mukuzamura ibinyabiziga cyangwa romoruki aho jack iri murwego rwo hejuru.Mugihe habuze uburebure, intebe ya spacer irashobora gukoreshwa.
Indwara ya jack ntarengwa (L..max)- icyerekezo kinini gihagaritse cya pickup kuva hepfo kugera kumwanya wo hejuru.Niba inkoni y'akazi idahagije, jack ntishobora "gutanyagura" ibiziga kumuhanda.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa jack, butondekwa ukurikije ubwoko bwubwubatsi:
1.Kora jack
2.Rack na pinion jack
3.Ibikoresho bya Hydraulic
4.Pake ya jack
1. Kuramo ibice
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwimodoka yimodoka - telesikopi na rombike.Amashanyarazi ya jack arakunzwe nabamotari.Muri icyo gihe, jack ya rombic, ubushobozi bwo gutwara butandukanye kuva kuri toni 0,5 kugeza kuri toni 3, ikundwa cyane nabafite imodoka kandi akenshi iba ishyizwe mubikoresho bisanzwe byo mumuhanda.Amashanyarazi ya telesikopi afite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 15 ni ntangarugero ku binyabiziga bya SUV na LCV by'ubwoko butandukanye.
Igice kinini cyibikoresho bya screw ni screw ifite igikombe cyikoreye umutwaro, gitwarwa nigitoki.Uruhare rwibintu bitwara imitwaro bikorwa numubiri wicyuma na screw.Ukurikije icyerekezo cyo kuzengurutsa ikiganza, umugozi urazamura cyangwa ukamanura urubuga rwo gutora.Gufata umutwaro mumwanya wifuzwa bibaho kubera feri ya screw, itanga umutekano wakazi.Kugenda gutambitse kwimitwaro, jack kuri sled ifite ibikoresho bya screw.Ubushobozi bwimitwaro ya screw jack irashobora kugera kuri toni 15.
Ibyiza byingenzi bya screw jack:
Inkingi ikomeye yo gukora no kuzamura uburebure;
Weight uburemere bworoshye;
Price Igiciro gito.
Shakisha jack
Screw jack yizewe mubikorwa.Ibi biterwa nuko umutwaro ushyirwaho nu mugozi wa trapezoidal, kandi iyo uteruye umutwaro, ibinyomoro bizunguruka ubusa.Mubyongeyeho, ibyiza byibi bikoresho birimo imbaraga no gutuza, kimwe no kuba bishobora gukora nta gihagararo cyiyongereye.
2. Rack na pinion jack
Igice kinini cya rack jack ni gari ya moshi itwara imitwaro hamwe nigikombe cyo gushyigikira umutwaro.Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga rack ni ahantu hakeye ho guterura.Impera yo hepfo ya gari ya moshi (paw) ifite inguni iburyo yo guterura imizigo hamwe nubuso buke.Umutwaro uzamuwe kuri gari ya moshi ufashwe nibikoresho bifunga.
2.1.Lever
Rack yongerewe na leveri ya swing.
2.2.Amenyo
Muri jack ya gare, lever ya drayike isimburwa nibikoresho, bizunguruka binyuze mumasanduku ya gare ukoresheje ikiganza cya drake.Kugirango umutwaro ushyirwe neza muburebure runaka kandi mumwanya wifuzwa, kimwe mubikoresho byashyizwemo uburyo bwo gufunga - igipimo gifite "pawl".
Rack na pinion jack
Rack jack ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni zigera kuri 6 zifite garebox imwe, kuva kuri toni 6 kugeza kuri 15 - ibyiciro bibiri, toni zirenga 15 - ibyiciro bitatu.
Izo jack zirashobora gukoreshwa haba mu buryo buhagaritse kandi butambitse, biroroshye gukoresha, gusanwa neza kandi ni igikoresho rusange cyo guterura no gutunganya imizigo.
3. Amazi ya Hydraulic
Hydraulic jack, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, kora mukanda kumazi.Ibintu nyamukuru bitwara imitwaro ni umubiri, piston ikururwa (plunger) hamwe namazi akora (mubisanzwe amavuta ya hydraulic).Amazu arashobora kuba silinderi iyobora piston hamwe nikigega cyamazi akora.Inkomezi ziva mumashanyarazi zitangwa binyuze muri leveri kuri pompe isohoka.Iyo ugiye hejuru, amazi ava mu kigega agaburirwa mu cyuho cya pompe, kandi iyo akandagiye, ashyirwa mu cyuho cya silinderi ikora, akagura plunger.Urujya n'uruza rw'amazi rwirindwa no guswera no gusohora.
Kugirango ugabanye umutwaro, urushinge rwo kuzimya rwa valve ya bypass rurakingurwa, hanyuma amazi akora asohoka mu cyuho cya silinderi ikora asubira mu kigega.
Amazi ya Hydraulic
Ibyiza bya hydraulic jack birimo:
Capacity ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu - kuva kuri toni 2 kugeza kuri 200;
● gukomera;
● gushikama;
● ubworoherane;
Kwiyubaka;
Imbaraga nto kuri handike;
Performance gukora neza (75-80%).
Ibibi birimo:
● uburebure buto bwo guterura murwego rumwe rukora;
● igishushanyo mbonera;
● ntibishoboka guhindura uburebure bugabanuka neza;
Jack Izi jack zirashobora gutera ihungabana rikomeye kuruta ibikoresho byo guterura imashini.Kubwibyo, biragoye gusana.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa hydraulic jack.
3.1.Amacupa ya kera
Bumwe mu buryo butandukanye kandi bworoshye ni icupa rimwe (cyangwa plunger imwe) icupa rya jack.Akenshi, amajerekani nk'aya ni kimwe mu bikoresho bisanzwe byo mu muhanda by'amakamyo yo mu byiciro bitandukanye, kuva ku modoka zicuruza amatara yoroheje kugeza kuri gari ya moshi nini ya toni nini, ndetse n'ibikoresho byo kubaka umuhanda.Jack nkiyi irashobora no gukoreshwa nkigice cyamashanyarazi kumashini, kugorora imiyoboro, gukata imiyoboro, nibindi.
Telesikopi
jack
3.2.Telesikopi (cyangwa kabiri-plunger) jack
Itandukanye ninkoni imwe gusa kuberako hariho inkoni ya telesikopi.Jack nkiyi igufasha kuzamura umutwaro muremure muremure, cyangwa kugabanya uburebure bwa pickup, mugihe ukomeza uburebure ntarengwa bwo guterura.
Bafite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 2 kugeza 100 cyangwa zirenga.Amazu ni silindiri iyobora plunger hamwe n'ikigega cyamazi akora.Agatsinsino ko guterura kuri jack zifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni zigera kuri 20 giherereye hejuru yicyuma cyinjiye muri plunger.Ibi biremera, nibiba ngombwa, mugukuramo screw, kugirango wongere uburebure bwambere bwa jack.
Hano hari ibishushanyo mbonera bya hydraulic, aho moteri yamashanyarazi ihujwe numuyoboro wikinyabiziga, cyangwa pneumatike, ikoreshwa mugutwara pompe.
Mugihe uhisemo icupa rya hydraulic jack, birakenewe ko utazirikana gusa ubushobozi bwaryo bwo gutwara, ahubwo hanatekerezwa no guterura no guterura hejuru, kubera ko inkoni yakazi ifite ubushobozi buhagije bwo gutwara ishobora kuba idahagije kugirango uzamure imodoka.
Amazi ya Hydraulic arasaba gukurikirana urwego rwamazi, imiterere nuburemere bwa kashe ya peteroli.
Hamwe nimikoreshereze idakunze gukoreshwa nkiyi jack, birasabwa kutagabanya uburyo bwo gufunga kugeza kurangije mugihe cyo kubika.Akazi kabo karashoboka gusa muburyo bugororotse kandi gusa (nka jack hydraulic jack) yo guterura, kandi ntabwo ari igihe kirekire cyo gufata umutwaro.
3.3.Kuzunguruka
Ibizunguruka bizunguruka ni umubiri muto ku nziga, aho leveri ifite agatsinsino katerura na silindiri hydraulic.Kuborohereza akazi byoroherezwa na platform ikurwaho ihindura uburebure bwo gutora no guterura.Ntidukwiye kwibagirwa ko ubuso bunini kandi bukomeye busabwa gukorana na jack izunguruka.Kubwibyo, ubu bwoko bwa jack, nkuko bisanzwe, bukoreshwa muri serivisi zimodoka no mumaduka yipine.Bikunze kugaragara cyane ni jack ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 2 kugeza kuri 5.
4. Indwara ya pneumatike
Kuzunguruka
Indwara ya pneumatike
Pneumatike jack ningirakamaro mugihe habaye icyuho gito hagati yinkunga nu mutwaro, hamwe ningendo ntoya, kwishyiriraho neza, niba akazi kagomba gukorerwa kubutaka bworoshye, butaringaniye cyangwa ibishanga.
Pneumatic jack ni icyuma kibase cya reberi gikozwe mu mwenda udasanzwe ushimangirwa, wiyongera mu burebure iyo umwuka uhumeka (gaze) uyihaye.
Ubushobozi bwo gutwara jack pneumatike bugenwa numuvuduko wakazi muri disiki ya pneumatike.Indwara ya pneumatike iza mubunini butandukanye hamwe nubushobozi butandukanye bwo gutwara ibintu, mubisanzwe toni 3 - 4 - 5.
Ingaruka nyamukuru ya jack pneumatic nigiciro cyinshi.Ihindurwa nuburyo bugereranije nigishushanyo mbonera, ahanini kijyanye no gufunga ingingo, tekinoroji ihenze yo gukora ibishishwa bifunze, hanyuma, uduce duto duto twinganda.
Ibintu byingenzi biranga muguhitamo jack:
1.Gutwara ubushobozi nuburemere ntarengwa bushoboka bwumutwaro ugomba guterurwa.
2.Uburebure bwambere bwo gutora ni intera ntoya ishoboka ihagaritse hagati yubuso bwikurikiranya hamwe nu nkunga yingingo yuburyo bukora.
3.Uburebure bwo guterura ni intera ntarengwa kuva hejuru yubuso bugera aho ikorera, igomba kugufasha gukuramo byoroshye uruziga urwo arirwo rwose.
4.Gutwara ni igice cyuburyo bwagenewe kuruhukira ku kintu kizamurwa.Amajerekani menshi ya rack na pinion afite ipikipiki yakozwe muburyo bwinkoni iziritse (ubu buryo bwo gufunga ntibukwiriye kumodoka zose, bugabanya urugero rwayo), mugihe gutoragura hydraulic, rombic nubundi buryo bikozwe muburyo bwa bracket itajegajega (guterura agatsinsino).
5.Gukora akazi - kwimura ipikipiki ihagaritse kuva hasi kugera kumwanya wo hejuru.
6.Uburemere bwa jack.
Amategeko yumutekano mugihe ukorana na jack
Mugihe ukorana na jack, birakenewe gukurikiza amategeko yibanze yumutekano mugihe ukorana na jack.
Iyo gusimbuza uruziga no mugihe cyo gusana no guterura no kumanika imodoka, birasabwa:
Kora ibiziga kuruhande rwa jack mubyerekezo byombi kugirango wirinde imodoka gusubira inyuma no kugwa kuri jack cyangwa guhagarara.Kugirango ukore ibi, urashobora gukoresha inkweto zidasanzwe;
● Nyuma yo kuzamura umubiri muburebure busabwa, utitaye ku gishushanyo cya jack, shiraho igihagararo cyizewe munsi yibintu bitwara imitwaro yumubiri (sill, spars, frame, nibindi).Birabujijwe rwose gukora munsi yimodoka niba iri kuri jack gusa!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-12-2023