Ibigize hamwe ninteko za sisitemu yo kuyobora ibinyabiziga bihujwe hakoreshejwe imipira yumupira, ikintu nyamukuru kikaba intoki zuburyo bwihariye.Soma ibyerekeranye nudukoni twa karuvati, ubwoko bwubwoko, uko butunganijwe ninshingano zikora muguhuza umupira - soma ingingo.
Inkoni ya karuvati ni iki?
Ikariso ya karuvati ni igice cyumupira uhuza ibikoresho byimodoka.Inkoni yumutwe hamwe numutwe wumupira hamwe nudupapuro twohasi kugirango dushyireho, ukina uruhare rwigitereko cya hinge hamwe nuwihuta.
Urutoki ruhuza inkoni nibindi bice byuma bikoresho, bikora umupira.Kubaho hinge yubwoko butuma bigenda byimiterere yibice byo guhuza ibikoresho byifashishwa mu ndege ndende kandi zinyuranye.Rero, imikorere isanzwe yubushoferi igerwaho hatitawe kumwanya wikiziga (mugihe utandukanije umurongo wo hagati mugihe ugana inguni, mugihe ugonze umuhanda utaringaniye, nibindi), guhinduka kwabo (guhuza), umutwaro wibinyabiziga, guhindura imikorere yibiziga, ikadiri nibindi bice bibaho mugihe cyimodoka, nibindi.
Ubwoko nigishushanyo cyibiti bya karuvati
Urutoki rushobora kugabanwa mubwoko ukurikije intego n'ahantu washyizwe, kimwe nibiranga ibishushanyo.
Ukurikije intego n'ahantu ho kwishyiriraho, intoki ni:
• Amabati yo kuyobora - guhuza ibice bya trapezoid (longitudinal, transvers inkoni hamwe na leux knuckle);
• Kuyobora bipod pin - ihuza bipod iyobora hamwe na bipod ndende / bipod lever.
Ibikoresho byifashisha bifatanyiriza hamwe imipira 4 kugeza kuri 6, imwe murimwe ihuza bipod ya rode hamwe ninkoni ndende ya karuvati (mumodoka ifite akazu kayobora, iki gice cyabuze), naho ibindi ni inkoni za karuvati, ibyuma bya knuckle (amaboko ya swing) n'intoki za pendulum (niba zihari muri disiki).Guhuza umupira hamwe nintoki zikoreshwa murizo zirashobora guhinduka, cyangwa bigakorwa mugushiraho mugihe runaka.Kurugero, mumamodoka, pin zitandukanye zirashobora gukoreshwa kuri bipod hinge hamwe ninkoni ndende, guhuza inkoni ya transvers ihuza ukuboko kuzunguruka, nibindi.
Hatitawe ku bwoko n'intego, inkoni ya karuvati ifite igishushanyo kimwe muburyo bumwe.Iki nicyuma cyahindutse igice, kigabanijwemo ibice bitatu:
- Umupira wumupira - inama muburyo bwumuzingi cyangwa igice kinini hamwe na "cola";
- Umubiri wintoki nigice cyo hagati, gikozwe kuri cone kugirango uhuze nindi nkoni;
- Urudodo - inama ifite urudodo rwo gukosora hinge.
Urutoki ni igice cyumupira, gikozwe muburyo bwigenga - isonga (cyangwa umutwe) winkoni ya karuvati.Inama ikina uruhare rwumubiri wa hinge, imbere urutoki ruherereye.Umurongo washyizwe imbere mu gikombe cya silindrike cyangwa conical ya tip, gitwikiriye umutwe wikiganza cyurutoki, ukemeza ko ugenda mu ndege zose (muri dogere 15-25).Imirongo irashobora kuba plastike imwe (Teflon cyangwa izindi polymers zidashobora kwambara, zikoreshwa kumodoka) cyangwa ibyuma bishobora kugwa (bigizwe na kabiri, bikoreshwa mumamodoka).Kwinjizamo ibintu bishobora guhagarikwa - gupfuka umutwe kumpande, na horizontal - umurongo umwe uherereye munsi yumutwe wikiganza cyurutoki, umurongo wa kabiri wakozwe muburyo bwimpeta kandi uherereye hejuru yumutwe.
Igishushanyo gisanzwe cya karuvati yumupira uhuza imodoka zitwara abagenzi
Hepfo, ikirahuri gifunze hamwe nigipfundikizo kidashobora gukurwaho cyangwa kidashobora gukurwaho, hashyirwaho isoko hagati yumupfundikizo na liner, ibyo bikaba bituma habaho imikoranire yizewe hagati yumurongo numutwe wintoki.Uhereye hejuru, umubiri wa hinge ufunzwe hamwe na capite ikingira (anther).Ku gice cy'urutoki rusohoka rwurutoki, hashyizweho mugenzi winkoni, bipod cyangwa lever, gufunga bikorwa nimbuto.Kugirango ushireho kwizerwa, utubuto (ikamba) utubuto dusanzwe dukoreshwa, ushyizwe hamwe na cotter pin (muriki gihe, umwobo uhinduranya utangwa mugice cyumutwe wa pin).
Imipira yose ihuza imipira ya karuvati ifite igishushanyo cyasobanuwe, itandukaniro riri mubintu bito gusa (ubwoko bwimbuto, iboneza rya pin hamwe n’aho biherereye, igishushanyo mbonera, ubwoko bwamasoko, nibindi) nubunini.
Guhitamo neza no gusana inkoni ya karuvati
Igihe kirenze, umutwe wa serefegitura hamwe nigice cya pin, kimwe nimirongo hamwe nibindi bice bya hinge, bishaje.Ibi biganisha ku gusubira inyuma no kwiruka mu bikoresho byifashishwa, bivuze ko igabanuka ryubwiza nubwiza bwimikorere, kandi amaherezo bikagabanuka kumutekano wikinyabiziga.Niba hari ibimenyetso byo kwambara cyangwa kumeneka, inkoni ya karuvati cyangwa inteko ihuriweho igomba gusimburwa.
Gusana birashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye:
• Simbuza urutoki gusa;
• Simbuza pin n'ibice byo guhuza (imirongo, isoko, boot, ibinyomoro na cotter pin);
• Simbuza inkoni ya karuvati inteko hamwe na hinge.
Igisubizo cyiza nugusimbuza pin nibice byo gushyingiranwa, kubera ko ibice byose bishya bidafite aho bihurira kandi byemeza guhuza bisanzwe inkoni za karuvati nibindi bice.Muri iki kibazo, birakenewe gukoresha igikoresho kidasanzwe kugirango ukure urutoki rushaje hanyuma ushyireho urundi rushya.Nyamara, iki gisubizo ntabwo gikwiye buri gihe - kumodoka zimwe zitwara abagenzi, pin ntishobora gukurwa kumurongo, ihinduka gusa munteko.
Gusimbuza inkoni ya karuvati yinteko hamwe na hinge birakenewe gusa mugihe habaye imikorere mibi yiki gice - guhindura, kwangirika, kurimbuka.Muri iki kibazo, inama ishaje yakuweho, kandi shyashya yashyizwe mu mwanya wayo.Iyo usimbuye amapine cyangwa inama yo guhambira inkoni, birakenewe kwemeza ko ibinyomoro bitunganijwe neza (hamwe na cotter pin cyangwa mubundi buryo bwabigenewe), bitabaye ibyo birashobora guhinduka, bikazana imikorere mibi yubuyobozi cyangwa kuri a gutakaza burundu kugenzura ibinyabiziga.
Igice gishya ntigikeneye kubungabungwa no kwitabwaho bidasanzwe, birakenewe gusa kugenzura buri gihe impeta kandi, niba ibimenyetso byo kwambara cyangwa kuvunika bigaragara, ubisimbuze.Kubisimbuza, birakenewe guhitamo intoki cyangwa inama zasabwe nuwakoze ibinyabiziga.Ibi bice bigomba kuba bikwiranye nubunini no gushushanya (gutanga inguni ikenewe yo gutandukanya urutoki), bitabaye ibyo kuyobora ntibikora neza.Hamwe noguhitamo neza pin pin, ibikoresho bizasanwa hubahirijwe ibipimo, kandi imodoka izongera kubona neza kandi neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-21-2023