Buri moteri ifite ibinyabiziga bigendana nigihe byashizwe kumukandara cyangwa urunigi.Kubikorwa bisanzwe bya disiki, umukandara numurongo bigomba kugira impagarara runaka - ibi bigerwaho hifashishijwe ibikoresho byogosha, ubwoko, igishushanyo noguhitamo neza byasobanuwe muriki kiganiro.
Igikoresho gikurura iki?
Igikoresho cyo guhagarika umutima (umukandara wumukandara, urunigi) - igikoresho gifasha mugutwara uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gazi (igihe) hamwe na drives yibice bya moteri yaka piston imbere;Uburyo bushiraho kandi bugakomeza impagarara nziza zumukandara cyangwa urunigi.
Igikoresho cyogukora gikora imirimo myinshi:
• Gushiraho no guhindura imbaraga zo guhagarika umukandara / urunigi;
• Indishyi zumukandara / urunigi ruhinduka bitewe no kwambara ibice byimodoka no guhinduka mubihe bidukikije (kurambura no kwikuramo umukandara / urunigi bitewe nihindagurika ryubushyuhe nubushuhe, bitewe nuburemere bwimitwaro, nibindi);
• Kugabanya kunyeganyega umukandara cyangwa urunigi (cyane cyane amashami maremare);
• Irinde umukandara cyangwa urunigi kunyerera.
Nubwo ibikoresho byogosha ari uburyo bwingirakamaro bwa moteri, bigira uruhare runini - byemeza imikorere isanzwe ya drives yigihe hamwe nibice byashizwe hejuru, bityo amashanyarazi yose mugihe gihora gihinduka mubihe.Kubwibyo, mugihe habaye imikorere mibi, ibyo bikoresho bigomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa.Kugirango uhitemo neza umutekamutwe mushya, birakenewe gusobanukirwa urwego rwuburyo bwerekanwe uyumunsi, igishushanyo cyacyo nibiranga.
Ubwoko nibisabwa mubikoresho bikurura
Ibikoresho byo guhagarika umutima bigabanyijemo amatsinda ukurikije intego zabo, gukoreshwa muburyo runaka bwa disiki, ihame ryimikorere, uburyo bwo guhinduranya impagarara nibikorwa byiyongera.
Ukurikije intego, impagarara nubwoko bubiri bwingenzi:
• Kubijyanye nigihe cyo gutwara;
• Kuri drives yibice byashizwe mumashanyarazi.
Mugihe cyambere, igikoresho gitanga impagarara zikenewe zurunigi cyangwa umukandara wigihe cya moteri, mugice cya kabiri - impagarara yumukandara wikinyabiziga rusange cyibice cyangwa imikandara yibice byihariye (generator, pompe yamazi nabafana, compressor yo mu kirere n'abandi).Impagarike nyinshi zubushakashatsi nintego zitandukanye zirashobora gushirwa kuri moteri imwe icyarimwe.
Ukurikije ibisabwa, ibikoresho byo guhagarika bigabanyijemo amatsinda atatu:
• Kuri disiki zumunyururu;
• Kuri drives kuri V-umukandara usanzwe;
• Kuri V-rubavu.
Impagarara kuri drives zitandukanye ziratandukanye mugushushanya ibintu nyamukuru - pulley.Mu bikoresho bigenewe urunigi, uruziga rw'ibikoresho (sprocket) rukoreshwa, mu kohereza V-umukandara - V-pulley, muri disiki ya polyclin - ihuye na V-rubavu cyangwa pulley yoroshye (bitewe nuburyo bwo gushyira igikoresho ugereranije na umukandara - uhereye kumugezi cyangwa kuruhande rwinyuma).
Ukurikije ihame ryimikorere, ibikoresho bikurura bigabanijwemo ubwoko butatu:
• Abahangayikishijwe no gushiraho pulley ikomeye;
• Impagarara zo mu mpeshyi;
• Hydraulic tensioners.
Buri bwoko bwibikoresho bikurura ibintu bifite imiterere yabyo, ubwoko bwabyo hamwe nigishushanyo cyasobanuwe hano hepfo.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhindura imbaraga za tension, ibikoresho ni:
• Igitabo;
• Automatic.
Igishushanyo cya hydraulic silinderi yumurongo wogukurikirana igihe
Mubikoresho byubwoko bwa mbere, imbaraga zo guhagarika zashyizweho (zahinduwe) intoki mugihe cyo kubungabunga cyangwa nibiba ngombwa.Guhinduranya impagarike ihora mumwanya umwe kandi ntishobora kwishyura imbaraga zingutu zumukandara / urunigi.Ubwoko bwa kabiri bwibikoresho buhita buhindura umwanya wabwo bitewe nuburyo bugezweho, bityo imbaraga zo guhagarika umukandara zihoraho.
Hanyuma, ibikoresho byoguhagarika bishobora guhuzwa nibindi bikoresho kandi bigakora imirimo yinyongera - hamwe nuruhererekane rwumunyururu, imipaka, nibindi. Mubisanzwe, ibi bice bigurishwa nkigice cyo gusana kugirango gikorwe neza na drives cyangwa ibice, cyangwa gusana moteri.
Igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere yibikoresho bikurura hamwe na pulley ikomeye
Izi mpagarara zirimo ubwoko butatu bwibikoresho:
• Lever;
• Ishusho;
• Ibidasanzwe.
Umuyoboro wa lever ugizwe nigitereko gishyizwe cyane kuri moteri hamwe nigikoresho cyimukanwa hamwe na pulley yashizwemo.Ikirangantego gifashwe kumurongo hamwe na bits ebyiri, kandi imwe murimwe iherereye muri arcuate groove - niho hari igikoni kigufasha guhindura imyanya ya leveri, bityo, imbaraga zo guhagarika umukandara.
Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa slide byifashishwa cyane: muribo pulley ntabwo yashizwe kumurongo, ahubwo mumurongo ugororotse wigitereko, unyuramo umugozi muremure (bolt).Muguhinduranya umugozi, urashobora kwimura pulley kumurongo, bityo ugahindura imbaraga zumukandara.Iyo imbaraga zisabwa zashyizweho zimaze gushyirwaho, screw irwanya ibinyomoro, byemeza ubudahangarwa bwa pulley.
Ku modoka zitwara abagenzi, ibikoresho bikurura eccentric bikoreshwa cyane.Mu buryo bwubaka, iyi tensioner igizwe na roller hamwe na hub ya eccentric hub yashyizwe kuri moteri ya moteri cyangwa bracket.Imbaraga zo guhagarika zahinduwe muguhindura uruziga ruzengurutse umurongo no kurukosora mumwanya watoranijwe hamwe na bolt.
Ibisobanuro byose byasobanuwe ni ibikoresho byahinduwe nintoki bifite inenge ikomeye - ntibishobora kwishyura impinduka zimbaraga zumukandara.Izi mbogamizi zavanyweho mugihe cyimpeshyi hamwe na hydraulic ibikoresho.
Igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere yibikoresho bikurura impeshyi
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwimpanuka:
• Hamwe n'isoko yo kwikuramo;
• Hamwe n'amasoko ya torsional.
Mubikoresho byubwoko bwambere, guhinduranya byikora byumukandara bikorwa nisoko isanzwe ihindagurika, ikanda kanda hamwe na roller / spocket kumukandara / urunigi.Mubikoresho byubwoko bwa kabiri, iki gikorwa gikorwa nisoko yagutse, yagoretse n'imbaraga runaka.
Torsional yamashanyarazi ni yo akoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe - aroroshye, yoroshye kandi yizewe.Igikoresho nkiki kigizwe na lever hamwe na base hamwe na base (holder) hamwe nisoko, kugirango byoroherezwe byoroshye, isoko kumashanyarazi mashya yamaze gukanda hamwe nimbaraga zikenewe kandi igashyirwaho na cheque.
Igikoresho cyo guhagarika hamwe na torsion isoko
Nkuko bisanzwe, ibikoresho bikurura impeshyi bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi (V-na V-rubavu) yimodoka yashizwemo, ndetse no mugihe cyogutwara igihe cyimodoka zitwara abagenzi zifite umukandara wigihe.
Igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere yibikoresho bya hydraulic
Ishingiro ryubu bwoko bwa tensioner ni silindiri ya hydraulic ikanda pulley / sprocket kumukandara / urunigi.Silinderi ifite imyenge ibiri ivugana, itandukanijwe na plunger yimukanwa, ihujwe na pulley / isuka hifashishijwe inkoni (cyangwa, kuruta, ku cyuma cyibikoresho bikurura hamwe na pulley / spocket yashizwemo).Muri silinderi harimo na valve nyinshi zo kurenga amazi akora.Mumwanya wo hagati wa plunger, silinderi itanga umukanda / urunigi rukenewe kandi ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya drive muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.Iyo impagarara zumukandara / ibinyabiziga zihindutse, plunger ihindura umwanya wacyo, amazi akora ava mumurwango umwe ujya mubindi, bigatuma impagarara zisanzwe zumukandara mumwanya mushya.Ubwoko butandukanye bwamavuta ya moteri akoreshwa nkamazi akora.
Amashanyarazi ya hydraulic arashobora gushirwa kumurongo cyangwa kuri moteri, mugihe cyogutwara igihe, silindiri ebyiri zikoreshwa icyarimwe, imwe murimwe ikora kumasoko yayo.Amashanyarazi mashya afite imbaraga zateganijwe mbere, inkoni zabo zashyizwe mumwanya wifuzaga hamwe na cheque.
Ibibazo byo guhitamo, kubungabunga no gusana ibikoresho bikurura
Mugihe cyimodoka, ibikoresho byogosha bishaje cyane kandi bigatakaza imico yabyo, bityo bigomba guhora bigenzurwa kandi bigasimburwa.Gusa izo tension zisabwa nuwakoze moteri zigomba gutoranywa kugirango zisimburwe - bitabaye ibyo igikoresho ntigishobora gushyirwaho, cyangwa ntigishobora gutanga impagarara zikenewe zumukandara cyangwa urunigi.
Ibikoresho byo guhagarika umukandara wibikoresho byashizwemo biramba kandi birashobora kumara imyaka myinshi, bigomba guhinduka hamwe no kwambara cyangwa gusenyuka.Umuyoboro mushya ugomba gushyirwaho no guhindurwa ukurikije amabwiriza yimodoka.Niba igikoresho kiri hamwe na pulley ikosowe, noneho igomba guhinduka muguhindura umwanya wa lever cyangwa ukoresheje screw.Niba igikoresho ari isoko, noneho igomba kubanza gushyirwaho, hanyuma ikuraho cheque - pulley ubwayo izafata umwanya wakazi.Muri iki kibazo, birakenewe kwemeza ko ikimenyetso kiri kuri leveri kigwa muri zone munsi yigikoresho, bitabaye ibyo ugomba guhindura umukandara cyangwa ukareba serivisi ya tensioner.
Kwishyiriraho neza igikoresho gikurura ukurikije ibimenyetso
Ibikoresho byogusunika byigihe cyurunigi bigenda bihinduka byuzuye hamwe numurongo, dampers nibindi bice.Gusimbuza ibi bice bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza y'amabwiriza.Abahangayikishijwe nubu bwoko ntibasaba guhinduka, bagomba gushyirwaho hanyuma bakavanwa kuri cheque - isoko izafata umwanya wakazi kandi ikemeza neza ko urunigi rukwiye.
Hamwe nuguhitamo kwiza no gusimbuza impagarara, drives yigihe hamwe nibice bizakora neza mubihe byose bikora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-05-2023