Amateka, mumodoka inyuma ya hatchback na wagon ya sitasiyo, umurizo ufungura hejuru.Ariko, muriki gihe, hariho ikibazo cyo gufungura umuryango.Iki kibazo cyakemuwe neza na gaze ya gaze - soma ibi bice, ibiranga, kubungabunga no gusana mu ngingo.
Intego yumuryango winyuma
Imodoka nyinshi zo murugo no mumahanga inyuma ya hatchback na wagon ya sitasiyo zifite umurizo ufungura hejuru.Iki gisubizo nicyo cyoroshye kandi cyoroshye, kubera ko ushobora gukoresha impeta imwe kugirango ukingure urugi hejuru, kandi umuryango ubwawo uroroshye kuringaniza kuruta iyo wafunguye kuruhande.Kurundi ruhande, gufungura umurizo hejuru bisaba ingamba zidasanzwe kugirango habeho ihumure n'umutekano.Mbere ya byose, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko umuryango ufunzwe neza mumwanya wo hejuru, kimwe no gufasha gukingurira abantu bafite uburebure buke.Iyi mirimo yose yakemuwe hifashishijwe ubufasha budasanzwe bwo gukurura tailgate.
Ikoreshwa rya tailgate (cyangwa guhagarika gaze) nigikoresho cya pneumatike cyangwa hydropneumatic gikemura imirimo myinshi:
- Imfashanyo yo gukingura urugi - imashini ikurura ihita izamura umuryango, ikiza ingufu za nyir'imodoka;
- Kugabanya ihungabana no guhungabana iyo umuryango winyuma wakinguye kandi ugafunga - igice kirinda ihungabana riba mugihe umuryango uzamutse ukamanurwa ukagera kumwanya ukabije;
- Kurinda umutekano mugihe umuryango ufunguye - imashini itwara imashini ituma urugi ruhagarara hejuru idakoresheje izindi mpagarara, bikarinda gufunga munsi yuburemere bwarwo cyangwa imitwaro idakomeye yumuyaga;
- Kurinda umuryango winyuma, gufunga ibintu nuburyo bwimiterere yimodoka kugirango uhindurwe kandi usenywe mugihe umuryango ufunze.
Ariko icy'ingenzi, icyuma gikurura umurizo cyongera ubworoherane bwimodoka, kuko igufasha gukingura no gufunga byoroshye nubwo amaboko yawe yuzuye, mugihe cyubukonje, mugihe imodoka yanduye, nibindi. ni ikintu cyingenzi cyimodoka, ituma byoroha, byiza kandi bifite umutekano.
Ubwoko, igikoresho nigikorwa cyo gukurura ibintu (guhagarara) kumuryango winyuma
Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bubiri bwibikoresho bya tailgate bikoreshwa:
- Pneumatike (cyangwa gaze);
- Hydropneumatike (cyangwa gaze-amavuta).
Ibi bikurura ibintu bitandukanye muburyo burambuye hamwe nibikorwa byakazi:
- Dynamic damping ishyirwa mubikorwa bya pneumatike (gaze);
- Muri hydropneumatic (gaze-amavuta) ikurura amashanyarazi, gushyira hydraulic damping bishyirwa mubikorwa.
Biroroshye kumva itandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko bwibikoresho, birahagije gusenya imiterere yabo nihame ryimikorere.
Ubwoko bwombi bwo gukurura ibintu bifite igishushanyo kimwe.Zishingiye kuri silinderi yuzuye azote munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi uhagije.Imbere muri silinderi hari piston ihujwe cyane ninkoni.Inkoni ubwayo isohoka binyuze mu nteko ya gland - ikora imirimo yombi yo gusiga inkoni no gufunga silinderi.Mu gice cyo hagati cya silinderi, mu rukuta rwacyo, hari imiyoboro ya gaze y’agace gato kambukiranya, aho gazi iva mu mwanya wa piston iri hejuru ishobora gutembera mu mwanya wa piston no mu cyerekezo gitandukanye.
Ntakindi kintu mumashanyarazi ya gaze, no mumashanyarazi ya hydropneumatike, kuruhande rwinkoni, hari ubwogero bwamavuta.Nanone, piston ifite itandukaniro - ifite valve.Kuba hari amavuta abitanga hamwe na hydraulic damping, tuzabiganiraho hepfo.
Pneumatic shock absorber ya tailgate ifite ihame ryoroshye ryo gukora.Iyo umuryango ufunze, icyuma gikurura ibintu kirahagarikwa, kandi mucyumba kiri hejuru ya piston hari ubwinshi bwa gaze munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi.Iyo ufunguye umuryango winyuma, umuvuduko wa gaze ntuba uringaniye no gufunga, birenze uburemere bwumuryango - nkigisubizo, piston irasunikwa, urugi ruzamuka neza.Iyo piston igeze mugice cyo hagati cya silinderi, umuyoboro urafungura unyuramo gaze igice cyinjira mubyumba bitandukanye (piston).Umuvuduko uri muri iki cyumba uriyongera, piston rero igenda gahoro gahoro kandi umuvuduko wo gufungura umuryango uragabanuka.Iyo ingingo yo hejuru igeze, urugi ruhagarara rwose, kandi ingaruka zatewe na gaze "umusego" ukora munsi ya piston.
Gufunga umuryango, bigomba gukururwa n'intoki - muriki gihe, piston izongera gufungura imiyoboro ya gaze mugihe cyayo, igice cya gaze kizinjira mumwanya wa piston hejuru, kandi urugi rukinze, izagabanuka kandi ikusanyirize hamwe ingufu zikenewe mugukingura urugi.
Imashini ikurura amavuta ikora kimwe, ariko iyo ingingo yo hejuru igeze, piston yibizwa mumavuta, bityo bikagabanya ingaruka.Muri iki cyuma gikurura ibintu, gaze itemba hagati yibyumba muburyo butandukanye gato, ariko nta tandukanyirizo rikomeye rituruka kumyuka ya pneumatike irimo.
Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, ibyo bita dinamike damping bishyirwa mubikorwa bya gaze ya pneumatike.Byagaragajwe nuko umuvuduko wo gukingura urugi ugabanuka gahoro gahoro guhera mugitangira piston igenda hejuru, kandi urugi rukagera kumwanya wo hejuru kumuvuduko muke.Nukuvuga ko gukubitwa bitagabanijwe kumurongo wanyuma wo gufungura umurizo, ariko nkaho yazimye mugice cyose cyimodoka.
Hydraulic damping ifite itandukaniro ryingenzi: ingaruka ziragabanuka gusa mugice cya nyuma cyumuryango wugurura winjiza piston mumavuta.Muri iki kibazo, umuryango ku gice cyose cyinzira ufungura hejuru kandi hafi yumuvuduko umwe, kandi feri gusa mbere yuko igera kumurongo wo hejuru.
Igishushanyo nibiranga kwishyiriraho gaze ihagarara kumuryango winyuma
Ubwoko bwombi bwikubitiro bufite igishushanyo nuburyo bumwe.Ni silinderi (mubisanzwe irangi irangi ryirabura kugirango byorohe kandi imenyekane byoroshye) aho igiti kiva mu ndorerwamo.Ku mpera ifunze ya silinderi no ku nkoni, hakozwe imigozi kugirango yinjire ku muryango no ku mubiri.Imashini itanga imashini yashizwe hejuru, hifashishijwe imipira yumupira, gukanda cyangwa ubundi ugashyirwa mubigenewe bikwiye kumpera yikuramo.Gushyira imipira yumupira kumubiri no kumuryango - unyuze mu mwobo cyangwa udusanduku twihariye hamwe nutubuto (insinga zitangwa ku ntoki zibi).
Shock absorbers, bitewe n'ubwoko, ifite ibiranga kwishyiriraho.Indwara ya pneumatike (gaz) irashobora gushyirwaho mumwanya uwariwo wose, kubera ko icyerekezo mumwanya kitagira ingaruka kubikorwa byabo.Hydropneumatic shock absorbers irashobora gushyirwaho gusa nigiti hasi, kubera ko amavuta agomba guhora hejuru ya piston, ibyo bikaba bitanga imico myiza.
Kubungabunga no gusana ibyuma byangiza umurizo
Imashini yinyuma yumuryango ntisaba kubungabungwa bidasanzwe mubuzima bwa serivisi yose.Birakenewe gusa kugenzura buri gihe ibyo bice kugirango ube inyangamugayo no kugenzura isura ya peteroli (niba ari hydropneumatic shock absorber).Niba hagaragaye imikorere idahwitse kandi hakabaho kwangirika mu mikorere ya shitingi (ntabwo izamura umuryango neza bihagije, ntabwo igabanya ihungabana, nibindi), noneho igomba gusimburwa munteko.
Gusimbuza icyuma gikurura ibintu bikamanuka kuri ibi bikurikira:
1.Kuzamura umurizo, urebe neza ko igumaho hamwe nandi mahagarara;
2.Kuramo utubuto tubiri dufata imipira yumupira wikuramo, ukureho imashini;
3.Kwinjizamo ibintu bishya bikurura, menya neza icyerekezo cyacyo (stem up cyangwa inkoni hasi, bitewe n'ubwoko);
4.Komeza utubuto n'imbaraga zisabwa.
Kugirango wongere ubuzima bwimitsi no kongera ubuzima bwabo, ugomba gukurikiza ibyifuzo byoroheje byo gukora.By'umwihariko, ntugomba "kubafasha" kuzamura urugi, ntugomba kuzamura umuryango ukoresheje gusunika cyane, kuko ibyo bishobora kuvunika.Mugihe cyubukonje, ugomba gukingura umurizo witonze, ikiruta byose nyuma yo gushyushya akazu, kubera ko imashini zikonjesha zikonja kandi zigakora nabi.Kandi ntiwumve, ntibyemewe gusenya ibi bice, kubijugunya mumuriro, kubakubitwa bikomeye, nibindi.
Hamwe nimikorere yitonze, imashini itera umurizo izakora igihe kirekire kandi yizewe, bigatuma imodoka yoroha kandi yoroshye mubihe bitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2023