Imodoka zose zigezweho zifite ibimenyetso byumvikana, bikoreshwa mukurinda impanuka zo mumuhanda.Soma ibyerekeye amajwi yumvikana icyo aricyo, ubwoko bwarwo, uko bukora nicyo umurimo wacyo ushingiyeho, kimwe no guhitamo ibimenyetso no kubisimbuza.
Beep ni iki?
Ikimenyetso cyijwi (igikoresho cyerekana amajwi, ZSP) - ikintu cyingenzi cyerekana amajwi yimodoka;Igikoresho cyamashanyarazi, icyuma cya elegitoroniki cyangwa pneumatike gisohora ikimenyetso cyumvikana cyijwi runaka (frequency) yo kuburira abandi bakoresha umuhanda murwego rwo gukumira ibibazo bibi.
Dukurikije Amategeko agenga Umuhanda uriho, ibinyabiziga byose bikorera mu Burusiya bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho byo kuburira byumvikana, bigomba gukoreshwa gusa mu gukumira impanuka zo mu muhanda.Dukurikije igika cya 7.2 cy "" Urutonde rwimikorere mibi n’ibihe bibujijwe gukora ikinyabiziga ", gusenya ibimenyetso byamajwi nimpamvu yo kubuza imikorere yimodoka.Kubwibyo, ZSP itari yo igomba gusimburwa, kandi kugirango uhitemo neza iki gikoresho, ugomba kumva ubwoko bwacyo, ibipimo nibintu byingenzi.
Ubwoko, imiterere nihame ryimikorere yibimenyetso byamajwi
ZSP ku isoko irashobora kugabanwa muburyo butandukanye ukurikije ihame ryimikorere, ibihimbano hamwe nijwi ryijwi ryasohotse.
Ukurikije ihame ryimikorere ryashyizwemo, ibikoresho byose bigabanijwe mumatsinda atatu yingenzi:
Amashanyarazi;
Pneumatike na electro-pneumatike;
● Electronic.
Itsinda rya mbere ririmo ZSP zose, aho ijwi ryakozwe na membrane, kunyeganyega munsi yigikorwa cyo guhinduranya amashanyarazi muri solenoid (electromagnet).Itsinda rya kabiri ririmo ibimenyetso aho amajwi akorwa no gutembera kwumwuka unyura mu ihembe uva mumodoka cyangwa compressor yacyo, ibyo bikoresho mubisanzwe byitwa amahembe.Itsinda rya gatatu ririmo ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite ibyuma bitanga amajwi.
Ukurikije ibice byerekana amajwi yasohotse, hari ubwoko bubiri bwa ZSP:
Urusaku;
● Tonal.
Itsinda rya mbere ririmo ibimenyetso bisohora amajwi yumurongo mugari (kuva Hz kugeza ku bihumbi ibihumbi Hz), byumvwa n'amatwi yacu nk'ijwi riteye ubwoba cyangwa urusaku gusa.Itsinda rya kabiri ririmo ZSP isohora amajwi yuburebure runaka murwego rwa 220-550 Hz.
Mugihe kimwe, tone ZSP irashobora gukora mubice bibiri:
Igishushanyoya membrane (disiki)ikimenyetso cyijwiIgishushanyo cyerekana amajwi ya pneumatike
Ijwi rito - mu ntera ya 220-400 Hz;
Ton Ijwi ryinshi - mu ntera ya 400-550 Hz.
Twabibutsa ko iyo radiyo ihuye nijwi ryibanze ryikimenyetso cyijwi, ariko buri gikoresho nkicyo gisohora amajwi nizindi mirongo igera kuri kilohertz icumi.
Buri bwoko bwubwoko bwa ZSP bufite ibiranga nibisabwa, bigomba gusuzumwa muburyo burambuye.
Membrane (disiki) ibimenyetso byijwi
Membrane (disiki) ibimenyetso byijwi
Ibikoresho byiki gishushanyo byitwa electromagnetic, electronique cyangwa vibrasiya.Mu buryo bwubaka, ikimenyetso kiroroshye: gishingiye kuri electromagnet hamwe na armature yimukanwa ihujwe nicyuma (cyangwa disiki) kandi gihura nitsinda ryitumanaho.Iyi miterere yose ishyizwe murubanza, itwikiriwe na membrane hejuru, resonator irashobora gushyirwaho byongeye kuri membrane - isahani iringaniye cyangwa igikombe kimeze nkigikombe kugirango yongere amajwi.Umubiri ufite bracket hamwe na terefone kugirango uhuze na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.
Ihame ryimikorere ya disiki ZSP iroroshye.Mugihe cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi kuri electromagnet, armature yayo irasubira inyuma kandi ikaruhukira kubitumanaho, ikabakingura - electromagnet iba idafite ingufu hanyuma armature igasubira mumwanya wambere mubikorwa byimpeshyi cyangwa elastique ya membrane, na none biganisha ku gufunga imikoranire no gutanga amashanyarazi kuri electromagnet.Iyi nzira isubirwamo kuri 200-500 Hz, vibrasi ya membrane isohora amajwi yumurongo ukwiye, ushobora kwongerwaho na resonator.
Ibimenyetso bya Vibration electromagnetic nibisanzwe cyane bitewe nuburyo bworoshye, igiciro gito kandi kiramba.Zerekanwa ku isoko muburyo butandukanye, hariho amahitamo ya tone yo hasi kandi ndende, akenshi ashyirwa kumodoka kubiri.
Ihembe rya Membrane ZSP
Ibikoresho byubu bwoko birasa mugushushanya ibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru, ariko bifite ibisobanuro birambuye - ihembe rigororotse ("ihembe"), kuzunguruka ("cochlea") cyangwa ubundi bwoko.Inyuma yihembe iherereye kuruhande rwa membrane, bityo kunyeganyega kwa membrane bituma umwuka wose uherereye mu ihembe uhinda umushyitsi - ibi bitanga imyuka isohora ibintu bimwe na bimwe byerekana, ijwi ryijwi biterwa n'uburebure n'ubunini bw'imbere bw'ihembe.
Ibisanzwe cyane ni ibimenyetso byoroheje "snail", bifata umwanya muto kandi bifite imbaraga nyinshi.Bidakunze kugaragara cyane ni ibimenyetso bya "ihembe", iyo binini, bifite isura nziza kandi bishobora gukoreshwa mugushushanya imodoka.Hatitawe ku bwoko bw'amahembe, izi ZSPs zifite ibyiza byose byerekana ibimenyetso byinyeganyeza bisanzwe, byemeza ko bizwi.
Igishushanyo cyamahembe yerekana amajwi
Ibimenyetso byijwi rya pneumatike na electro-pneumatike
Ihembe rya Electro-pneumatic
ZSP y'ubu bwoko ishingiye ku ihame ryoroheje ryo gukora amajwi avuye ku isahani yoroheje ihindagurika mu kirere.Mu buryo bwubaka, ikimenyetso cya pneumatike ni ihembe rigororotse, ku gice kigufi cyacyo hari icyumba cyo mu kirere gifunze gifite urubingo cyangwa vibrateri ya membrane - akavuyo gato imbere karimo isahani yuburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.Umwuka mwinshi (kugeza ku kirere 10) uhabwa icyumba, utera isahani kunyeganyega - iki gice gisohora amajwi yumurongo runaka, wongerewe n'ihembe.
Hariho uburyo bubiri bwibimenyetso - pneumatike, bisaba guhuza sisitemu ya pneumatike yimodoka, na electropneumatike, ifite compressor zabo hamwe na moteri yumuriro.Hatitawe ku bwoko, ZSPs ebyiri cyangwa eshatu cyangwa zirenga zifite amajwi atandukanye zashyizwe ku kinyabiziga, kigera ku nshuro zifuzwa n'uburemere bw'ijwi.
Muri iki gihe, ibimenyetso bya pneumatike ni bike cyane kubera igiciro cyabyo kinini, ariko ni ngombwa ku makamyo y’urusaku rwinshi, ibyo bikoresho nabyo bikoreshwa muguhuza.
ZSP
Ibikoresho byubu bwoko bishingiye kumashanyarazi ya elegitoronike yumurongo wijwi, gusohora amajwi bikorwa numutwe ufite imbaraga cyangwa ibyuka byamashanyarazi byubundi bwoko.Ibyiza byiki kimenyetso nubushobozi bwo gusohora amajwi ayo ari yo yose, ariko ibikoresho nkibi bihenze kandi ntabwo byizewe kuruta ibisanzwe bisanzwe cyangwa pneumatike.
GOSTs nibibazo byemewe n'amategeko byo gukora ibimenyetso byamajwi
Ibipimo nyamukuru byibikoresho bisohora amajwi birasanzwe, kandi ingano yabyo ikoreshwa neza.ZSPs zose zigomba kubahiriza GOST R 41.28-99 (nazo zikaba zujuje Amabwiriza y’uburayi UNECE No 28).Kimwe mu bintu nyamukuru biranga ZSP ni umuvuduko wijwi batezimbere.Iyi parameter igomba kuba iri hagati ya 95-115 dB kuri moto, no muri 105-118 dB kumodoka namakamyo.Muri iki gihe, umuvuduko wijwi upimirwa mumurongo wa 1800-3550 Hz (ni ukuvuga, ntabwo ari kumajwi shingiro yimirasire ya ZSP, ahubwo ni mukarere ugutwi kwabantu).
Hateganijwe cyane cyane ko ibinyabiziga bya gisivili bigomba kuba bifite ibimenyetso bifite amajwi yumvikana bihoraho mugihe.Ibi bivuze ko atari ZSPs zitandukanye zumuziki gusa birabujijwe kumodoka zisanzwe, ariko kandi nibimenyetso byihariye nka sirena, "quack" nibindi.Ibimenyetso byihariye-bikoreshwa gusa mubyiciro bimwe byimodoka byerekanwe mubisanzwe GOST R 50574-2002 nibindi.Gukoresha ibimenyetso nkibi bitemewe biganisha ku nshingano zubutegetsi.
Ibibazo byo guhitamo no gushiraho ibimenyetso byijwi
Guhitamo ZSP kugirango isimbuze ikosa igomba gukorwa hashingiwe ku bwoko bwibimenyetso byashyizweho mbere nibiranga.Nibyiza gukoresha igikoresho cyubwoko bumwe nicyitegererezo (niyo mpamvu numero ya catalog) yakoreshejwe kumodoka mbere.Ariko, biremewe rwose gushiraho ibigereranyo (ariko ntabwo biri mumodoka ya garanti) byujuje ibisabwa kugirango umuvuduko wijwi hamwe nibihimbano.Na none, ikimenyetso gishya kigomba kugira ibiranga amashanyarazi akenewe (12 cyangwa 24 V amashanyarazi) nubwoko, imisozi hamwe na terefone.
Ntibyemewe gukoresha ibikoresho bifite inshuro zihindagurika zijwi, kandi niba ibikoresho bibiri byinshyi zitandukanye byashyizwe kumodoka, ubwo ntushobora gushyira ibimenyetso byombi cyangwa hejuru.Ntabwo byumvikana kandi gukoresha ibimenyetso byumuvuduko mwinshi mumodoka zitwara abagenzi - ibi birashobora gukurura ibibazo bimwe na bimwe n'amategeko.
Amahembe yerekana amajwi ya electromagnetic
Gusimbuza ZSP bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza imodoka, no gushyiraho ikimenyetso kidasanzwe - ukurikije amabwiriza yometseho.Mubisanzwe, iki gikorwa kiza kumanura imashini imwe cyangwa ebyiri no guhuza amashanyarazi.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gusimbuza ibimenyetso byamajwi, imodoka izaba yujuje ibyangombwa byumutekano kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mubisanzwe mubihe byose.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-26-2023