Muri piston iyo ari yo yose yo gutwika imbere harimo igice gihuza piston n'umutwe wo hejuru winkoni ihuza - pin ya piston.Ibintu byose bijyanye na pisitori ya piston, imiterere yabyo nuburyo bwo kuyishyiraho, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza ubwoko butandukanye bwa pin byasobanuwe muburyo burambuye mu ngingo.
Niki piston
Piston pin (PP) ni igice cyitsinda rya piston ya moteri yaka imbere;icyuma gipima icyuma, hamwe nubufasha bwa piston hamwe ninkoni ihuza.
Mugusubiza inyuma moteri yaka imbere, guhererekanya no guhinduranya imbaraga zikomoka kumuriro wivanze rya peteroli-mwuka muri silinderi bikorwa nitsinda rya piston hamwe nuburyo bwa crank.Ibice nyamukuru byiyi sisitemu birimo piston ninkoni ihuza hamwe na hinge ifatanije, kuberako bishoboka ko ushobora gutandukanya umurongo winkoni uhuza umurongo wa piston mugihe uri hagati yikigo cyo hejuru no hepfo (TDC na TDC).Guhuza hinge ya piston no guhuza inkoni bishyirwa mubikorwa ukoresheje igice cyoroshye - pin ya piston.
Piston pin ikemura imirimo ibiri yingenzi:
● Gukora nka hinge hagati ya piston ninkoni ihuza;
● Itanga ihererekanyabubasha ryingufu na torque kuva inkoni ihuza piston mugihe utangiye moteri no kuva kuri piston ukagera ku nkoni ihuza iyo moteri ikora.
Nukuvuga ko PP idahuza piston gusa nuguhuza inkoni muri sisitemu imwe (irimo na crankshaft), ariko kandi muri rusange iremeza imikorere ihuriweho nitsinda rya piston hamwe nuburyo bwa moteri ya moteri.Kubwibyo, imikorere mibi cyangwa kwambara urutoki bigira ingaruka mbi kumikorere yingufu zose, bisaba gusanwa vuba.Ariko mbere yo kugura pin nshya ya piston, ugomba kumva igishushanyo cyayo nibiranga bimwe.
Ubwoko, ibikoresho nibiranga pin ya piston
Amapine yose akoreshwa muri iki gihe afite igishushanyo kimwe: muri rusange, ni inkoni idafite ibyuma ifite inkuta zoroheje zashyizwe mu bayobozi ba piston hamwe n’umutwe wo hejuru uhuza.Ku mpera ya pin, chamfers (yo hanze ninyuma) ikurwaho, ituma hashyirwaho byoroshye igice muri piston cyangwa inkoni ihuza, kandi bikanarinda kwangirika kubindi bice mugihe habaye impanuka kubwimpanuka.
Mugihe kimwe, ibintu bitandukanye byingirakamaro birashobora gukorwa murutoki:
Kuzana inkuta zimbere muri cone kuva hagati ukageza hanze kugirango woroshye urutoki mugihe ukomeje imbaraga;
● Imikandara y'imbere mu gice cyo hagati cy'urutoki kugirango ikomere;
Umwobo uhinduranya umwobo kugirango ukosore bikabije pin muri shobuja piston.
Amabati ya piston akozwe muri karubone yoroshye (15, 20, 45 nabandi) hamwe na hamwe (mubisanzwe chromium 20X, 40X, 45X, 20HNZA nibindi) ibyuma.Ubuso bw'inyuma n'umukandara muto ku mpera y'ibice bikozwe mu byuma byoroheje birashya kandi bikazimwa kugeza kuri ubujyakuzimu bwa mm 1.5 kugeza igihe ubukana bwa 55-62 HRC bugeze (mu gihe igice cy'imbere gifite ubukana buri hagati ya 22- 30 HRC).Ibice bikozwe mucyuma giciriritse gisanzwe gikomera hamwe numuyoboro mwinshi.Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, hejuru yinyuma ya PP ikorerwa gusya.Gukomera kw'igice bitanga imbaraga nyinshi zo hejuru yinyuma yo kwambara, mugihe ubwiza bwimbere yimbere yurukuta bugumana ubushobozi bwurutoki rwo kwihanganira imitwaro ihinda umushyitsi.Gusya hejuru bikuraho uduce dufite impungenge ziteye akaga, mugihe mugihe cya moteri ishobora kugushikana, gukomera cyangwa no gusenya ibice.
Igishushanyo cya piston gisanzwe hamwe ninkoni ihuza
Nkuko bimaze kugaragara, pin ya piston iherereye muri piston nu mutwe wo hejuru winkoni ihuza, ihuza ibi bice muri sisitemu imwe.Muri piston kuri iki gice harimo kwaguka kabiri hamwe nu mwobo uhindura - abayobozi.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gushushanya kuri hinge hagati ya piston ninkoni ihuza:
● Ukoresheje urutoki "rureremba";
● Ukoresheje urutoki rukanda mu nkoni ihuza.
Igishushanyo cya kabiri gishyirwa mubikorwa cyane: muriki gihe, PP ikanda mumutwe wo hejuru (igice kimwe) cyumutwe uhuza inkoni, ikabuza kwimuka kwa axial, kandi mubayobozi ba piston iherereye hamwe nicyuho runaka , ituma bishoboka guhindura piston ugereranije na PP mugihe cyo gukora amashanyarazi mubice byose.Na none, icyuho gitanga amavuta yo gukuramo ibice (nubwo biturutse ku cyuho gito, urutoki hamwe nubuso bwa ba shebuja bahuye nabyo buri gihe bikora muburyo budahagije bwo gusiga).Iyi gahunda yakoreshejwe ku modoka zo mu gihugu VAZ-2101, 2105, 2108, ikoreshwa cyane ku buryo bugezweho bw’umusaruro w’amahanga.
Gahunda y'urutoki "ireremba" iraruhije, kuko ifite ibice byinshi bifasha.Muri iyi gahunda, PP ifite icyuho gito yashyizwe mubice byombi - haba muri ba piston ba piston ndetse no mumutwe wo hejuru uhuza inkoni, ibi bituma bizunguruka kubuntu mugihe moteri ikora.Kugirango wirinde kwimura urutoki urutoki, impeta zigumana impeshyi zikoreshwa, ziherereye hejuru yumwobo muri ba shebuja - zikora nka PP, zikabuza kugwa.Impeta irashobora gukorwa mumigozi yisoko hamwe nuruziga rwambukiranya cyangwa gushyirwaho kashe kumpapuro.Mugihe cyanyuma, ibice bifite urukiramende rwambukiranya, kandi umwobo wigikoresho utangwa kumpande zombi kugirango byoroshye kwishyiriraho no gukuraho impeta.
Rimwe na rimwe, gufunga ibihumyo cyangwa gucomeka bikoreshwa, bikozwe mu cyuma cyoroshye, ku buryo bitangiza indorerwamo ya silinderi iyo ihuye nayo.Amacomeka akoreshwa muri moteri ebyiri-zifite gahunda runaka yo gufata no gusohora amadirishya, bikarinda gazi idashaka hagati yabo.Rimwe na rimwe, bikoreshwa mugukosora igice hamwe na screw yinjiye mugice cyo hepfo ya shobuja no mumwobo kumpera ya PP.
Amapine ya piston ahamye kandi areremba
PP, tutitaye kuburyo bwo kuyishyiraho, irashobora kugira iyimurwa ugereranije na axe ya piston, igera kuri milimetero imwe nigice cyangwa irenga.Uku kwimurwa kugamije kugabanya imizigo yingirakamaro aho piston, PP hamwe nu mutwe uhuza inkoni bikorerwa mugihe cya TDC na TDC.Piston mu kugenda kwayo kuri TDC no kuri TDC ikanda ku rukuta rumwe rwa silinderi, ari nako biganisha ku gukanda PP kurukuta rumwe rw'imyobo imbere ya ba shebuja.Nkigisubizo, hari imbaraga zituma bigora guhindura PP mubice byo gushyingiranwa, kandi mugihe unyuze kuri TDC na TDC, impinduka irashobora kubaho gitunguranye - ibi bibaho no gukubitwa, bigaragazwa no gukomanga biranga.Izi ngingo zavanyweho neza mugushiraho PP muri piston hamwe no kwimura axis.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza pin piston
Mugihe cyo gukora moteri, cyane cyane muburyo bwo guhinduranya, intoki zikorerwa imitwaro ihambaye, zirashaje, zirashobora guhinduka kandi zigasaba gusimburwa.Gukenera gusimbuza intoki bigaragazwa no kwangirika kwa compression no kugabanuka kwimiterere iranga moteri, byongeye bikagaragazwa no gukomanga biranga.
Gusana amashanyarazi muri iki kibazo bigabanywa no gusimbuza intoki, ndetse rimwe na rimwe guhuza ibice - guhuza inkoni yo mu mutwe muri sisitemu na PP "ireremba" PP, impeta nizindi.Guhitamo intoki nshya nibindi bice bikorwa ukurikije ibipimo byo gusana.Kurugero, kuri moteri nyinshi zo murugo, ibice byubunini butatu bwo gusanwa biratangwa, bitandukanye na 0.004 mm (urugero, moteri ya VAZ ikunze gukoresha pin ifite diameter ya 21.970-21.974 mm (icyiciro cya 1), 21.974-21.978 mm (icyiciro cya 2) na 21.978-21.982 mm (icyiciro cya 3)).Ibi bituma bishoboka guhitamo pin ya diametre zitandukanye, ukurikije ubwiyongere bwa diametre yimyobo mubice byo gushyingiranwa kubera kwambara no kurambirana.Kurambirwa bikorwa buri gihe kubipimo bimwe byo gusana, kandi niba kwambara ibice birenze ibipimo byagenwe, noneho bigomba gusimburwa.
Nkuko bisanzwe, intoki zigurishwa mumaseti (2, 4 cyangwa menshi), rimwe na rimwe hamwe no kugumana impeta nibindi bice.
Piston pin yubwoko butandukanye nuburyo bwo gutunganya muri piston
Mugihe cyo gusana itsinda rya piston hamwe na pine "ireremba", nta mpamvu yo gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye - gushyira ibice muri ba shebuja no guhuza umutwe winkoni bikorwa nimbaraga zamaboko.Niba urutoki rwahinduwe hamwe no gukosorwa mu nkoni ihuza, ugomba rero gukoresha igikoresho cyihariye cyo gukanda no gukanda PP (muburyo bworoshye, ibi birashobora kuba ibihuru ninkoni, ariko abanyamwuga bakoresha ibikoresho bigoye cyane bya mashini bisa nibibi ).
Rimwe na rimwe, kwishyiriraho PP "ireremba" muri ba shebuja nabyo bikorwa mu kwivanga, kubwibyo piston ishyuha mumazi cyangwa andi mazi kugeza kuri 55-70 ° C mbere yo kuyashyiraho.Ikigaragara ni uko piston ya aluminiyumu yaguka vuba kuruta icyuma, bityo kuri moteri idashyushye, ikinyuranyo hagati yibice cyiyongera no gukomanga kugaragara.Iyo ushyizeho PP mukubangamira, icyuho kibaho gusa iyo moteri ishyushye, ikabuza ingaruka zibice, bityo, gukomanga.
Twabibutsa ko akazi ko gusimbuza pin piston gasaba gusenya cyane moteri, nibyiza rero kubikora hamwe nuburambe bukwiye cyangwa abize umwuga.Gusa hamwe no guhitamo neza intoki no gusana neza, itsinda rya piston rizakora neza kandi neza, ryizere imikorere yimikorere yingufu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-11-2023