Kugirango imikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu nyinshi yimodoka, imiyoboro irwanya amavuta, lisansi nibindi bidukikije birakenewe.Amavuta-na-lisansi-irwanya (MBS) amabati, amase hamwe nigituba bikoreshwa nkimiyoboro - soma kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa, ubwoko bwabyo, imiterere n'ibiranga muriyi ngingo.
Umuyoboro urwanya amavuta ni iki?
Kurwanya amavuta-na lisansihose (MBS hose, MBS hose) numuyoboro woroshye wagenewe gutanga (gutanga, pompe) lisansi, lisansi ya mazutu, amavuta, feri ya feri nibindi bicuruzwa bya peteroli, hamwe na coolant, ibisubizo bya acide nkeya nibindi bitangazamakuru bikaze.
Amabati ya MBS akoreshwa muburyo bwo guhuza ibice bigize lisansi, amavuta, feri nubundi buryo bwimodoka, muri sisitemu ya hydraulic yibikoresho bitanga umusaruro muke kandi mwinshi, mugupompa ibikomoka kuri peteroli hagati ya tanki nibikoresho bitandukanye, nibindi bitandukanye bitandukanye numuyoboro wicyuma ukomeye, hose Emera kwimura ibice bigize sisitemu ugereranije nundi, barwanya deformations ningaruka mbi.Ibi byose byatumye ikoreshwa rya hose rya MBS mumashami atandukanye yikoranabuhanga, inganda, nibindi.
Ubwoko nibiranga ama shitingi ya MBS
Amabati ya MBS (hose) ashyirwa mubikorwa ukurikije ibikoresho nyamukuru byo gukora, intego nibisabwa, nibiranga.
Ukurikije ibikoresho byo gukora, ama hose ni:
• Rubber - ibice by'imbere n'inyuma bya hose (amaboko) bikozwe muburyo butandukanye bwa reberi irwanya amazi na gaze;
• PVC - hose ikozwe mubirango bitandukanye bya polyvinyl chloride hamwe nizindi polymers zirwanya ibidukikije bitandukanye.
Ukurikije intego, ingofero ya MBS igabanyijemo amatsinda atatu:
• Umuvuduko - wagenewe gukora munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi (uva mu kirere no hejuru), hafashwe ingamba mugushushanya kwabo kugirango habeho guhindagurika no guturika kwinkuta n’amazi yatewe;
• Kunywa - bigenewe gukora munsi yumuvuduko ukabije (munsi yikirere), hafashwe ingamba mugushushanya kwabo kugirango hirindwe kwangirika kwinkuta zikorwa na vacuum (kugirango habeho guhuza imbere imbere);
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'isi yose.
Ukurikije ibisabwa, ama shitingi arashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda menshi:
• Gukoresha mubuzima bwa buri munsi, amaduka yo gusana amamodoka no mubindi bihe udashyizemo hose mumodoka cyangwa ibindi bikoresho;
• Kuri sisitemu yo gucana ibinyabiziga;
• Kuri feri ya sisitemu yimodoka hakoreshejwe amazi akora ashingiye kumyunyu ngugu na sintetike;
• Kuri sisitemu ya hydraulic yimodoka, imashini zitwara ibinyabiziga, imashini zubuhinzi, inganda nibindi bikoresho;
• Kubikoresho bya lisansi (yo kuvoma lisansi namavuta, gutanga lisansi kubaguzi, nibindi).
Hanyuma, ama shitingi agabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri bujyanye n'amashanyarazi ahamye:
Amabati asanzwe;
• Amabati yubatswe kugirango ayobore amashanyarazi ahamye.
Mugushushanya ama hose yubwoko bwa kabiri, hatanzwe umurongo wumuringa, ugira uruhare rwo guhagarara.Aya mazu ya MBS akoreshwa kumashanyarazi n'ibikoresho, kubikoresho byinganda, nibindi.
Mu biranga inzitizi za SBS, hagomba kumenyekana:
• Umuvuduko ukoreshwa - wo guswera - 0.09 MPa (0.9 ikirere), kugirango usohoke - intera isanzwe ya 0.1, 0.16, 0.25, 0.4, 0.63, 1.0, 1.6, 2.5, 4, 6.3 na 10 MPa (kuva kuri 1 kugeza 100) ;
• Diameter y'imbere - kuva kuri mm 3 kugeza kuri 25 (amashanyarazi ya PVC) no kuva kuri mm 4 kugeza kuri 100 (imashini ya reberi);
• Diameter yo hanze - biterwa nubunini bwurukuta, ubwoko bwikariso, kuba hari imbaraga, nibindi. Nkuko bisanzwe, diameter yo hanze iruta inshuro 1.5-3 kurenza diameter y'imbere;
• Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe.
Bitandukanye, bigomba kuvugwa kubyerekeye ibipimo byanyuma.Uyu munsi, imashini ya MBS ikorerwa kuri zone eshatu zikirere, ziratandukanye mubushuhe bubi bwemewe:
• Ku kirere gishyuha - kugeza kuri -35 ° C;
• Kubirere bishyuha - kugeza kuri -20 ° C;
• Kubihe bikonje - kugeza kuri -50 ° C.
Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwiza kuri hose burasa - kugeza kuri + 70 ° C kuri lisansi (lisansi, kerosene, lisansi) hamwe na + 100 ° C kumavuta.
Igishushanyo cya MBS
Amashanyarazi ya PVC (tubes) atunganijwe muburyo bworoshye.Mubisanzwe byoroshye, iyi ni hose, murukuta rwayo hari imyenda cyangwa umugozi.Hariho kandi ubwoko bwinshi bwimiyoboro ya PVC - ifite urwego rwimbere rurwanya cyane ibicanwa, amavuta nandi mazi.Gukomeza birashobora kuba mubice byo hanze cyangwa hagati yabyo.
Ibikoresho bya reberi kubishushanyo bigabanijwe mumatsinda menshi:
• Bidashimangiwe no gushimangira urudodo (GOST 10362-76);
• Bidashimangiwe nuudodo / gushimangira imyenda hamwe nimyenda (GOST 18698-79);
• Bishimangirwa ubwoko bumwe (GOST 5398-76).
Amashanyarazi adafite imbaraga hamwe no gushimangira urudodo arateguwe cyane, ni imiterere-itatu:
Imiterere ya reberi ishimangirwa MBS
1.Icyumba cy'imbere ni reberi irwanya amavuta, ibicanwa n'andi mazi;
2.Gusoma / gushimangira imyenda - ubudodo bukozwe mubukorikori, ipamba cyangwa imigozi ihuriweho / ibitambara, birashobora gukorwa mubice 1-6;
3.Icyiciro cyo hanze ni reberi irwanya ingaruka mbi z’ibidukikije, amavuta n’ibicanwa, imiti itandukanye, nibindi.
Amabati afite ikadiri yimyenda irimo iyindi miterere yinyuma - imyenda yimyenda ikozwe mubukorikori, ipamba cyangwa igitambaro hamwe.Ikadiri yakomerekejwe kuri hose mubice byinshi.Akenshi ubu bwoko bwibicuruzwa byitwa durite cyangwa hose hamwe na durite.
Muri shitingi ishimangiwe, hongeweho urwego ruciriritse rwagati, aho hashyizwemo insinga z'icyuma cyangwa umuringa (ukurikije amahame yo mu rugo) cyangwa hashyizweho icyuma cyoroshye.Gukomeza birashobora kuba bigizwe nigice kimwe cyangwa bibiri, ariko hariho amaboko yihariye hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi zishimangira.Umuringa wubutaka wumuringa urashobora kuboneka murwego rumwe rwa hose.
Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa reberi ifite ibikoresho byanyuma kuruhande rumwe cyangwa byombi.Amabati nkaya, nkuko bisanzwe, yagenewe gushyirwaho mubice bimwe, inteko hamwe na sisitemu yimodoka nibindi bikoresho, byaciwe mubunini bwifuzwa kandi bifite ibimenyetso bikenewe.
Ibiranga, amazina n’umusaruro wa reberi ya reberi MBS igengwa haruguru hamwe nibindi bipimo.Amashanyarazi asa na PVC ntabwo afite igipimo kimwe, yakozwe akurikije ibisobanuro bitandukanye.
Ibibazo byo gutoranya no gukora ama shitingi ya MBS
Amabati atandukanye arwanya amavuta
Mugihe uhisemo amavuta adashobora kwihanganira amavuta, birakenewe ko uzirikana intego zabojo hazaza hamwe nuburyo ibyo bicuruzwa bizakorerwa.
Kubikoresha kugiti cyawe hagamijwe kuvoma lisansi cyangwa amavuta, hose ya PVC ihendutse irahagije - biroroshye, byoroshye kubika kandi byoroshye gukoresha (inkuta zibonerana zigufasha kumenya ahari amazi atemba, nibindi).
Kugirango hasanwe lisansi, amavuta, feri nubundi buryo aho umuvuduko ukabije wibikoresho bikora, hagomba gukoreshwa imashini ya reberi ya MBS.Mugihe ugura, birakenewe guhitamo diameter yimbere yimbere nibiranga - umuvuduko wakazi hamwe nubushyuhe.Muri iki kibazo, birakenewe byongeye kwita kuri clamps hamwe nibikoresho byanyuma kugirango ushireho hose.
Akenshi, mugusana sisitemu zimwe, ibice hamwe ninteko, ama shitingi hamwe nibikoresho bimaze gushyirwaho bigurishwa - iki nigisubizo cyiza kibika umwanya namafaranga (kubera ko nta mpamvu yo guca hose kuburebure no gushiraho ibikoresho), na itanga ubwizerwe bukomeye bwa sisitemu.
Ku nganda nizindi porogaramu zidasanzwe, birakenewe guhitamo imashini ya MBS ifite ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga, harimo amahirwe yo guhagarara, ibicuruzwa binini bya diameter, ama shitingi yubwoko runaka bwamazi, nibindi.
Kurangiza ibikoresho bya MBS
Kugirango uhitemo neza hose, ugomba kwitondera ibimenyetso byayo.Ukurikije ibipimo, ikimenyetso kirimo kwerekana diameter y'imbere ninyuma, umuvuduko wakazi, guhindura ikirere hamwe na GOST, bihuye nibicuruzwa.Kurugero, ikimenyetso "Hose 20x30-1 GOST 10362-76" bivuze ko hose ifite diameter y'imbere ya mm 20, diameter yo hanze ya mm 30, umuvuduko wakazi wa MPa 1 kandi yagenewe gukora mubihe bishyushye kandi bishyuha. .Kuba inyuguti "HL" byerekana ko bishoboka gukoresha hose mubihe bikonje.Amavuta-na-peteroli-irwanya amavuta ukurikije GOST 18698-79 irangwa nubwoko "Sleeve B (I) -10-50-64-T" - aho "B (I)" bisobanura ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa kuri gukorana na lisansi namavuta, imibare yambere nigitutu cyakazi mukirere, imibare ibiri yanyuma ni diameter yimbere ninyuma, ibaruwa yanyuma ni ihindagurika ryikirere ("T" - kubihe bishyuha, "U" - ubushyuhe , "HL" - imbeho).Amabati ukurikije GOST 5398-76 afite ibimenyetso bisa byubwoko "Hose B-2-25-10 GOST 5398-76", aho "B-2" aribwo buryo bukoreshwa mubicuruzwa byo gukora hamwe namavuta, "25 "ni diameter y'imbere (diameter yo hanze ntabwo yerekanwe), naho 10 ni umuvuduko w'akazi mukirere.Irerekana kandi imiterere yikirere (kubirere bituje - bitashyizweho ikimenyetso, kubushyuhe - "T", kubukonje - "HL").
Kumenya ibi, urashobora guhitamo byoroshye hose bikenewe, kandi wizeye neza gukemura imirimo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2023