Igice kinini cyimitwe yashizwe kuri moteri ya traktori ya MTZ (Biyelorusiya) ifite umukandara wambere ushingiye kuri V-umukandara.Soma ibyerekeye imikandara ya MTZ, ibiranga ibishushanyo, ubwoko, ibiranga nibisabwa, kimwe no guhitamo kwabo no kubasimbuza.
Umukandara wa MTZ ni iki?
Umukandara wa MTZ - umukandara utagira iherezo (impeta) reberi ya wedge yambukiranya igice, ikoreshwa mu kohereza itara riva kuri crankshaft kugeza kuri pulle yimitwe yashizwemo na moteri yimashini zakozwe ninganda za Minsk (MTZ, Biyelorusiya).
Hashingiwe ku ihererekanyabubasha rya V-umukandara, hubatswe ibinyabiziga bitandukanye, bigomba gukora igihe moteri ikora: pompe y’amazi, umuyaga ukonjesha, amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi pneumatike na compressor ya konderasi.Umukandara wumukandara ushyirwa mubikorwa hakoreshejwe pulleys yashyizwe kuri moteri ya moteri na shitingi yibice, hamwe n'umukandara wa reberi yerekana imiterere n'uburebure.Iyi disiki iroroshye kandi yizewe, ariko umukandara urashobora kwambara no kwangirika, ugomba rero gusimburwa buri gihe.Kugirango uhitemo neza umukandara, birakenewe kumenya ubwoko bwibicuruzwa bikoreshwa kuri traktor ya MTZ, ibiranga nibisabwa.
Ubwoko, ibiranga nibisabwa mumikandara ya MTZ
Ku mashanyarazi y'ibikoresho by'uruganda rwa Minsk, hakoreshwa imikandara isanzwe ya reberi, itandukanye mu bice, imiterere, ubwoko bw'umugozi, ingano n'ibisabwa.
Imikandara yose ifite igishushanyo gisanzwe.Zishingiye ku gipimo cyikoreza imitwaro - umugozi, ushyirwa imbere mu mubiri wumukandara wakozwe na reberi yibirunga muburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, kandi hejuru yinyuma harinzwe nigitambara cyo gupfunyika.Ukurikije ubwoko bwikoreza imitwaro, imikandara igabanijwemo amatsinda abiri:
● Hamwe na polyamide (nylon) umugozi;
● Ukoresheje umugozi wa polyester.
Imikandara ya MTZ ni V-umukandara - ibice byabo byambukiranya ni uruzitiro rufite igorofa rinini cyangwa rinini cyane rinini kandi rigufi.Ibicuruzwa bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri ukurikije igipimo cy'ubugari n'uburebure:
● Ubwoko bwa I - imikandara yo kwambukiranya ibice;
● Ubwoko bwa II - imikandara isanzwe yambukiranya.
Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byibice byombi birashobora kugira umwirondoro utandukanye (ubwoko bwibanze):
Umukandara woroshye - ufite urufatiro rugufi;
Belt Umukandara wigihe - amenyo ahinduranya amenyo akozwe kumurongo muto.
Imiterere y'umukandara
Imikandara yigihe irenze kandi ifite radiyo ntoya igoramye, igera kubwizerwa bwikinyabiziga.Nyamara, mumubiri wumukandara woroshye, imizigo igabanijwe neza, kuburyo iraramba, cyane cyane mubihe byiyongereyeho imashini nubushyuhe.
Imashini za MTZ zikoresha imikandara myinshi, igabanijwemo amatsinda menshi ukurikije ibisabwa:
● Kuri za romoruki zifite moteri ya D-242, D-243, D-245 (moderi yo hambere niyubu MTZ-80/82, 100/102, moderi yibanze ya Biyelorusiya-550, 900, 1025, 1220.1);
● Kuri za romoruki zifite moteri ya D-260, D-265 (icyitegererezo cy'ibanze Biyelorusiya-1221, 1502, 1523, 2022);
● Kubimashini zifite moteri ya Lombardini (moderi yibanze ya Biyelorusiya-320, 622).
Ukurikije intego, imikandara igabanijwemo ubwoko bukurikira:
Drive Gutwara amazi ya pompe (umukandara ufite igice cyambukiranya mm 16 × 11 mm, uburebure bwa mm 1220, yoroshye);
Pump Amazi ya pompe na drake (umukandara ufite igice cyambukiranya mm 11 × 10 mm, mm 1250 yoroshye, kandi iryinyo);
Drive Drive ya pneumatike compressor (umukandara ufite igice cyambukiranya mm 11 × 10 mm, uburebure bwa mm 1250 yoroshye kandi iryinyo, umukandara ufite igice cyambukiranya 11 × 10 gifite uburebure bwa mm 875 amenyo ya moteri ya Lombardini);
Drive Ikinyabiziga gikonjesha icyuma gikonjesha (umukandara ufite igice cyambukiranya mm 11 × 10 mm, uburebure bwa mm 1650);
Drive Drive ya generator (umukandara ufite igice cyambukiranya mm 11 × 10 mm, uburebure bwa mm 1180 yoroshye kandi iryinyo, umukandara ufite igice cyambukiranya cya 11 × 10 mm, uburebure bwa mm 1150 iryinyo, umukandara ufite igice cyambukiranya mm 11 × 10, uburebure 975 mm iryinyo kuri moteri ya Lombardini).
Imikandara izwi cyane itangwa muburyo bubiri - yoroshye kandi iryinyo, ifite imiterere itandukanye yikirere.Imikandara yigihe yagenewe gukoreshwa mu turere dufite ikirere gishyuha kandi gishyuha (verisiyo "T" na "U" y'ibyiciro bitandukanye bifite ubushyuhe bwo gukora bugera kuri + 60 ° C), n'umukandara woroshye - kugirango ukoreshwe mu turere twose, harimo n'utwo hamwe n'ibihe bikonje (verisiyo "HL" y'ibyiciro bitandukanye, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwo gukora bugera kuri -60 ° C).Ibi bigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo umukandara mushya.
Hano twabonye ko imikandara ya MTZ yose yitwa imikandara yabafana yujuje ibisabwa na GOST 5813-2015 (na verisiyo zayo zambere).Izina "umufana" ntirigomba kuba urujijo - ibyo bicuruzwa bya reberi ni umukandara wo gutwara abantu bose ushobora gukoreshwa muri drives yibice bitandukanye.
Umukandara wimodoka yashizwemo moteri irashobora kuba umurongo umwe numurongo wa kabiri.Mugihe cyambere, igice gifite V-pulley imwe gusa na drake kumukandara umwe.Mugihe cya kabiri, impanuka ebyiri (imirongo ibiri) yashyizwe kumurongo hamwe na crankshaft, hamwe na V-umukandara ibiri.Imirongo ibiri yumurongo wa V-umukandara ni iyo kwizerwa, uku gushyira umukandara kubarinda kugoreka kandi bigabanya amahirwe yo kunyerera mugihe utangiye moteri kandi kumuvuduko mwinshi.Uyu munsi, kuri moteri zitandukanye, zifite imashini za MTZ, urashobora kubona amahitamo yombi yo gutwara.
Ibibazo byo guhitamo no gusimbuza umukandara wa MTZ
V-umukandara uhura n’ibidukikije (cyane cyane muri traktor ya MTZ yerekana urugero ruri hagati ya 80, 320, 422, 550, 622, 1025, 1221 hamwe na moteri iranga moteri ifunguye), ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nuburemere bukomeye bwa mashini, kuburyo mugihe cyigihe kiracika , kurambura, kuzimya no guhagarika gukora imirimo yabo.Muri ibi bihe byose, umukandara ugomba gusimburwa.
Guhitamo umukandara kuri traktori ntabwo bigoye cyane - ibicuruzwa bishya bigomba kugira ibice byambukiranya kimwe nuburebure nkibya kera.Mubisanzwe, ibipimo byumukandara byerekanwa hejuru yabyo bidakora (mugari), urashobora kandi kumenya ibiranga umukandara uhereye kumabwiriza cyangwa kuva kurutonde rwibice byabigenewe kuri moteri cyangwa romoruki.Tugomba kwibuka ko ibicuruzwa bifite igice cyambukiranya mm 11 × 10 mm ni umukandara ufite igice gito (ubwoko bwa I), ibicuruzwa bifite igice cya 16 × 11 ni umukandara ufite ibice bisanzwe (ubwoko bwa II), na ntibishobora guhinduka.Kubwibyo, niba ukeneye umukandara wo gutwara pompe yamazi ya moteri ya D-242, noneho umukandara usa na moteri ya D-260 ntushobora gushyirwa mumwanya wabyo, naho ubundi.
Niba moteri ikoresha inshuro ebyiri V-umukandara, birasabwa guhindura imikandara yombi icyarimwe, bitabaye ibyo umukandara ushaje usigaye muri couple ushobora guhita uba isoko yibibazo.
Urugero rwo gushiraho no guhindura impagarara zumukandara usimburana hamwe na pompe yamazi ya moteri D-260
By'umwihariko hagomba kwitonderwa guhitamo imikandara ya traktori ukurikije imiterere yikirere yakarere gakoreramo.Kubikoresho bikorera mubihe bikonje, gusa imikandara yoroshye muri verisiyo ya "HL" irakwiriye.Kwishyiriraho umukandara wigihe muri verisiyo ya "T" cyangwa "U" mugihe cyitumba birashobora gutera gucika - umukandara nkuyu urakomera cyane mubukonje, ucika kandi ugwa nubwo haba hari imitwaro yoroheje.Kuri za romoruki zikorera mu turere dufite ikirere gishyushye, ku rundi ruhande, ni byiza gukoresha imikandara mu gishushanyo gishyuha, harimo n'amenyo - barwanya ubushyuhe kandi bafite coeffisiyeti ntoya yo kwaguka, ibyo bikaba bibuza kuramba cyane ku bushyuhe bwinshi.
Nkuko bisanzwe, gusimbuza imikandara kuri traktori ya MTZ ntabwo bigoye - mubihe byinshi birakenewe kugabanya impagarara zayo mukurekura gufunga igice (mubisanzwe generator) cyangwa igikoresho cyogosha, gukuramo umukandara ushaje, shyira bundi bushya kandi hindura impagarara.Umukandara mushya ugomba kugira impagarara zasabwe nuwakoze moteri kandi zerekanwe mumabwiriza ajyanye.Kugirango umukandara ukwiye, birasabwa gukoresha igikoresho kidasanzwe hamwe na dinometero.Guhindura "kubijisho" ntibyemewe - hamwe nuburemere buke, imikandara iranyerera (ibyo ntibyemewe rwose kubice bimwe, urugero, kuri pompe yamazi, kubera ko moteri muriki gihe izashyuha) kandi igashira cyane, hamwe na hamwe impagarara zikomeye, umukandara uzarambura kandi ugire uruhare mukwambara cyane kwimyanya nibindi bice byibice.
Guhitamo neza, kwishyiriraho no guhindura imikandara ya MTZ nurufunguzo rwimikorere yizewe ya moteri hamwe na traktor yose mubihe byose.
Umuyoboro wuzuye wa kaburimbo
Ibibyimba bya tubular bikozwe muburyo bwumuyoboro mugufi ukata igihe kirekire (cyangwa imiyoboro ibiri yacitsemo iyinjizwamo) hamwe na clamp ebyiri zacitse kumpera.Ubu bwoko bwa clamp burashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza imiyoboro iherezo-iherezo no guhuzagurika, byemeza kwizerwa no gukomera kwubwubatsi.
Kwimika
Kwambika ibyuma bikoreshwa kumanika inzira isohoka hamwe nibice byayo munsi yikariso / umubiri wimodoka.Umubare wabo muri sisitemu urashobora kuva kuri umwe kugeza kuri batatu cyangwa barenga.Utubuto twa muffler ni ubwoko butatu bwingenzi:
- Gutandukanya ibice byubwoko butandukanye;
- Gutandukana-imirenge ibiri;
- Igice cya kabiri gishobora gutandukana kumirenge ibiri.
Gucamo ibice ni byinshi kandi byuzuzanya bikoreshwa mugushiraho imiyoboro, muffler nibindi bice bya sisitemu yo gusohora ibintu bitwara imitwaro.Mugihe cyoroshye cyane, clamp ikozwe muburyo bwa kaseti ya kaseti yumuzingi uzengurutswe nijisho ryo gukomera hamwe na screw (bolt).Ibikoresho birashobora kuba bigufi kandi bigari, mugihe cyanyuma bifite ibyuma birebire kandi bigashyirwaho imigozi ibiri.Akenshi, imitwe nkiyi ikozwe muburyo bwa U-ibice cyangwa ibice byuruziga ruzengurutse hamwe nijisho ryiyongereye muburebure - hamwe nubufasha bwabo, ibice bya sisitemu yo gusohora ihagarikwa kumurongo / umubiri intera imwe.
Gutandukanya ibice bibiri byimirenge bikozwe muburyo bwibice bibiri muburyo bwa kaseti cyangwa imirongo, buriwese ufite amaso abiri yo gushiraho imigozi (bolts).Hamwe nubufasha bwibicuruzwa byubu bwoko, birashoboka gushiraho ibyuma na miyoboro ahantu bigoye kugera cyangwa aho bigoye gushyiramo ibice bisanzwe bitandukanijwe.
Igice cya kabiri cyagabanijwe kumirenge ibiri nigice cyo hepfo yubwoko bwabanjirije clamps, igice cyacyo cyo hejuru gikozwe muburyo bwimitwe ikururwa cyangwa idashobora gukurwaho yashyizwe kumurongo / umubiri wikinyabiziga.
Amashanyarazi yose
Iri tsinda ryibicuruzwa birimo clamps, staples, zishobora icyarimwe gukina umwanya wo gushiraho no guhuza clamp - zitanga kashe ya miyoboro kandi icyarimwe ifata imiterere yose kumurongo / umubiri wimodoka.
Ibishushanyo mbonera nibiranga clamps
Clamps ikozwe mubyuma byo mubyiciro bitandukanye - cyane cyane ibyubatswe, ntibikunze kubaho - bivuye kumavuta (ibyuma bidafite ingese), kugirango birindwe byongeweho birashobora gushyirwaho gali cyangwa nikel isize / chrome isize (imiti cyangwa galvanike).Kimwe nikurikizwa kuri screw / bolts izana na clamps.
Nkuko bisanzwe, clamps ikorwa mugushiraho kashe ya fagitire (kaseti).Clamps irashobora kugira ubunini butandukanye, bujyanye nurwego rusanzwe kandi rutari urwego rwa diameter.Gushiraho clamp ya mafler, nkuko bisanzwe, bifite imiterere igoye (oval, hamwe na protrusions), ihuye nigice cyambukiranya icyuma, resonator cyangwa ihindura ikinyabiziga.Ibi byose bigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo igice gishya kumodoka.
Ibibazo byo guhitamo no gusimbuza muffler clamp
Clamps ikora mubihe bigoye, ihora ihura nubushyuhe bukabije nubushyuhe bukabije, guhura na gaze zuzuye, hamwe namazi, umwanda hamwe nibintu bitandukanye bya shimi (umunyu uva mumuhanda nibindi).Kubwibyo, uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana, ndetse na clamp zakozwe mubyuma bivangavanze bitakaza imbaraga kandi birashobora gutera imyuka isohoka cyangwa kwangiza ubusugire bwinzira ziva.Mugihe cyo kumeneka, clamp igomba gusimburwa, birasabwa kandi guhindura ibi bice mugihe usimbuye ibice cyangwa sisitemu yose yimodoka.
Clamp ya clamp igomba guhitamo ukurikije intego yayo na diameter ya miyoboro / muffler igomba guhuzwa.Byiza, ugomba gukoresha clamp yubwoko bumwe na numero ya catalog yashyizwe kumodoka mbere.Ariko, mubihe byinshi, umusimbura ushobora kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu biremewe.Kurugero, biremewe rwose gusimbuza intambwe yintambwe hamwe no kugabana igice kimwe - bizatanga ubukana bwiza kandi byongere imbaraga zo kwishyiriraho.Kurundi ruhande, rimwe na rimwe ntibishoboka gusimbuza - kurugero, akenshi ntibishoboka gusimbuza clamp yimirenge ibiri itandukanijwe nizindi zose, kubera ko imiterere yibice byanyuma byimiyoboro ihujwe irashobora guhinduka kuri yo.
Mugihe uhitamo clamps, ugomba kwibuka kubyerekeye ibiranga kwishyiriraho.Intambwe ya clampder niyo yoroshye kuyishyiraho - irashobora gushyirwaho kumiyoboro yamaze guterana, kubera ko intambwe yatandukanijwe kuva kumurongo hanyuma igahuzwa nimbuto.Ibi nukuri rwose kubice bibiri byimirenge.Kandi kugirango ushyiremo igice kimwe cyacitsemo ibice cyangwa igituba, imiyoboro igomba kubanza guhagarikwa, kwinjizwa muri clamp hanyuma igashyirwaho gusa.Ingorane zimwe zishobora kuvuka mugihe ushyizeho clamps yisi yose, kuva muriki gihe birakenewe ko icyarimwe ugumisha ibice guhuza hamwe no kubishyira mumwanya ukwiye uhereye kumurongo / umubiri.
Mugihe ushyizeho clamp, birakenewe ko ushyiraho neza iyinjizwamo ryayo hamwe nubwizerwe bwo gukaza imigozi - gusa muriki gihe ihuriro rizaba rikomeye, ryizewe kandi rirambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-05-2023