Ibinyabiziga bigenda byongerwaho ibikoresho bigezweho - Amatara yimodoka ya LED.Ibintu byose bijyanye naya matara, imiterere yabyo, ubwoko buriho, kuranga no gukoreshwa, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza amatara ya LED, byasobanuwe muriki gitabo.
Intego yamatara yimodoka ya LED
Itara ryimodoka LED (itara rya LED, itara rya LED) nisoko yumuriro wamashanyarazi ishingiye kuri diode itanga urumuri (LED) ikoreshwa mumatara no kumurika ibinyabiziga.
Mu binyabiziga bigezweho, ibimashini n'imashini zitandukanye hariho amasoko menshi yumucyo - amatara, icyerekezo, icyerekezo cya feri, amatara ya parikingi, amatara yo kumanywa, kumurika ibyapa, amatara yibicu, amatara yimbere (harimo no gucana ibyuma bya gants), amatara yimodoka, ikibaho amatara, nibindi. Mu myaka myinshi ishize, amatara yaka yubushakashatsi butandukanye yagiye akoreshwa, ariko mumyaka yashize yagiye asimburwa n’urumuri rutanga urumuri - amatara ya LED.
Gukoresha amatara ya LED mumodoka bifite ibyiza bitatu byingenzi:
Kugabanya gukoresha ingufu - LED ifite ingufu za flux yamashanyarazi ugereranije namatara yaka cyane bitwara amashanyarazi make;
● Kongera intera ya serivisi yo kubungabunga amatara - LED ifite inshuro nyinshi umutungo muremure kuruta amatara yaka, bityo bisaba gusimburwa kenshi (kandi, bityo, kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kugura amatara mashya);
Kunoza ubwizerwe bwibikoresho byo kumurika - Amatara ya LED nuburyo bukomeye budafite filaments, bityo birwanya kunyeganyega no guhungabana.
Kugeza ubu, amatara ya LED yakozwe ashobora gusimbuza rwose amatara yaka mumodoka.Ariko, kugirango uhitemo neza ayo masoko yumucyo, ugomba gusobanukirwa imiterere yabyo, ibiranga na plint.
Igishushanyo n'ibiranga amatara ya LED
Mu buryo bwubaka, amatara yimodoka ya LED agizwe nibice bitatu: inzu yashizwemo LED imwe cyangwa nyinshi, hamwe nishingiro ryo gushyira itara mumashanyarazi.Itara rishingiye ku rumuri rw'ubururu LED - ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bishingiye kuri kristu y'ibikoresho bya semiconductor (akenshi nitride ya gallium yahinduwe na indium), aho ihuriro rya pn, hanyuma fosifore igashyirwa hejuru y’ibisohoka.Iyo ikigezweho cyanyuze muri LED, inzibacyuho yacyo isohora ibara ry'ubururu, ihindurwa nigice cya fosifore cyera.Mu matara make, hakoreshwa LED 1-3, mumatara yaka - kugeza kuri LED 25 cyangwa zirenga.
LED yashyizwe ku isahani ikingira cyangwa amazu akozwe mu bikoresho byangiza, mu bihe bidasanzwe birashobora gukingirwa mu buryo bw'ikirahure (nk'amatara asanzwe yaka).Iteraniro nkiryo rya LED rihujwe nicyuma cyangwa plastike, unyuzamo amashanyarazi kuri LED kuva mumashanyarazi yimodoka.
LED amatara yimodoka
Ku bwoko bumwe bwamatara, ingufu zumuriro zikomeye zirashobora gukwirakwizwa, biganisha kubushyuhe no kunanirwa.Gukuraho ubushyuhe muri ayo matara, ibice byongeweho byinjijwe mubishushanyo - sisitemu yo gukonjesha kandi ikora.Gukonjesha pasiporo bitangwa na aluminium ashyushye iherereye kuruhande rwinteko ya LED.Ubushuhe busanzwe bufite udusimba, byongera ubuso bwigice kandi bigahindura ubushyuhe bwa convection.Imirasire ifite amatara maremare afite - amatara ya salon, amatara yo ku manywa, amatara yibicu, nibindi.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikora yubatswe hashingiwe kumirasire hamwe numufana, itanga umuyaga mwinshi kugirango ikureho ubushyuhe burenze.Umufana arashobora gukora buri gihe mugihe itara ryaka, cyangwa kugenzurwa na automatike ikurikirana ubushyuhe bwigikoresho.Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikora ifite amatara akomeye yo kumurika.
Amatara yimodoka LED arahari kumashanyarazi asanzwe - 6, 12 na 24 V, afite imbaraga za watt, kubice byinshi birashobora guhinduranya rwose n'amatara yaka.
Ikimenyetso hamwe nishingiro ryamatara ya LED
Bikwiye kwerekanwa ako kanya ko amatara yimodoka ya LED akorwa hamwe nubwoko bumwe bwamatara nkamatara asanzwe yaka - ibi bituma bishoboka gushira ubwoko bwombi bwamatara mumodoka udahinduye sisitemu yamashanyarazi.Mugihe kimwe, mugushiraho amatara ya LED, urashobora kubona amazina menshi - ubwoko bwibanze nubwoko bwamatara asa.Ibimenyetso nk'ibi byorohereza guhitamo amatara, nibiba ngombwa, usimbuze itara ryaka na LED imwe cyangwa ubundi.
Mu gihugu cyacu, hari amahame menshi y’amatara, muribo harimo amahame ya leta kubishingiro GOST IEC 60061-1-2014 (ikoreshwa kumasoko yumucyo wubwoko bwose, harimo imodoka, urugo, nibindi).Ukurikije iyi nyandiko hamwe nuburinganire bwiburayi (IEC na DIN), amatara yimodoka arashobora kugira ubwoko bwimitwe ikurikira:
● BA - pin (bayonet), ibipapuro biherereye muburyo bumwe;
BAY - pin (bayonet), pin imwe ihindurwa muburebure ugereranije nindi;
● BAZ - pin (bayonet), pin imwe ihindurwa muburebure na radiyo ugereranije nibindi;
● E - urudodo (muburyo budakoreshwa kumodoka zigezweho);
P - flanged;
SV - itara rya sofit rifite impande ebyiri;
● W - amatara afite ikirahure, ugereranije n'amatara ya LED - hamwe na plastike (akenshi bita amatara adafite ishingiro).
Ubwoko bwibishingwe nibisabwa mumatara ya LED
Umubare wumubare wikimenyetso werekana diameter cyangwa ubugari bwibanze, naho inyuguti nyuma yumubare yerekana bimwe mubishushanyo mbonera.Kurugero, base ya BA15s isanzwe ni 15 mm ya diametre ya pin base hamwe na pin ebyiri zitunganijwe neza hamwe numuyoboro umwe, guhuza kabiri gukinishwa nikirahure cyibanze.Kandi BA15d nimwe shingiro, ariko hamwe nuburyo bubiri bwo kuyobora (kuzenguruka cyangwa oval), uruhare rwumubano wa gatatu narwo rukinishwa nikirahure cyibanze.
Mu buryo bubangikanye no gushyiramo imipira, ikimenyetso gisa nikimenyetso cyamatara asanzwe yimodoka yaka umuriro nayo irakoreshwa.Kurugero, amatara ya T5 na T10 ni amatara mato mato akoresha imipira yubwoko bwa W5W.Urufatiro nkurwo rukozwe muburyo bwa plaque ya plastike, kumpande zombi zerekanwa insinga ebyiri.Amatara ya soffit akunze kugenwa C5W na FT10.Kandi ikimenyetso cyamatara ya LED yerekana amatara ya halogene - kuva H1 kugeza H11, HB1, HB3, HB4, nibindi.
Ugomba kandi kwerekana ko ubwoko bumwe bwamatara yamatara yanditseho imibare.Kurugero, pine ya BA15 mubipimo bimwe byashyizweho "1156/1157", plintine yagutse W21 yanditseho "7440/7443", nibindi.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza imodoka LED itara
Mugihe uhisemo itara rya LED (cyangwa amatara menshi) kumodoka, ugomba kuzirikana ubwoko bwibanze nibiranga amashanyarazi biranga itara.Nkuko bisanzwe, amabwiriza yo gukora, gusana no gufata neza ikinyabiziga yerekana ubwoko bwumucyo ukoreshwa nishingiro ryabyo - aya ni amabwiriza agomba gukurikizwa mugihe uguze.Ugomba kandi kuzirikana voltage yumurongo wikinyabiziga, hanyuma ugahitamo amatara akwiye.
Hagomba kwitabwaho cyane cyane gutoranya amatara hamwe na base ya bayonet (pin) n'amatara ya soffit.Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, imipira ya BA, BAY na BAZ irashobora kuba pin-imwe (ikimenyetso "s") hamwe na pin ebyiri ("d" ikimenyetso), kandi ntibishobora guhinduka.Mugihe kimwe, amatara afite ibice bibiri bizenguruka na oval birashobora gushyirwaho muri karitsiye imwe nta mbogamizi.Kugirango wirinde ikosa, ni ngombwa kwitondera ikimenyetso cyuzuye cyumucyo.
LED Amatara yo Kuburira
Amatara ya sofit afite ibice bimwe bifite umurambararo wa mm 7 (base ya SV7, andika C10W) na 8.5 mm (SV8.5 base, andika C5W), kandi biratandukanye muburebure - birashobora kuba 31, 36 na 41 mm.
Hanyuma, mugihe uhitamo amatara ya LED kugirango yerekane icyerekezo n'amatara yo guhagarara, ugomba kuzirikana ko byera na amber (orange).Mugushira amatara yubwoko bwa kabiri, inyuguti "Y" ("umuhondo") irahari byanze bikunze, bafite itara cyangwa akayunguruzo hamwe nibara rya amber, biha umuriro ibara ryifuzwa ukoresheje diffuzeri iboneye.
Gusimbuza amatara ya LED bikorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza imodoka.Mugihe ukora iki gikorwa, birakenewe ko utongera ingufu mumodoka.Gusimbuza inkomoko yumucyo mubisanzwe biza kumanura urumuri (gusenya igisenge cyangwa diffuzeri, mugihe cyamatara, kubisenya no / cyangwa kubisenya igice), gushyira itara mumurongo wabigenewe, no kuriteranya.
Niba itara rya LED ryatoranijwe kandi rigashyirwaho neza, urumuri rwacyo ruzakora neza kandi neza mumodoka mumyaka myinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-12-2023