Kuri modifike ya moteri ya KAMAZ, sisitemu yo gukonjesha amavuta iratangwa, yubatswe kumurongo umwe - guhinduranya amavuta.Soma ibyerekeye ibice byose, ubwoko bwabyo, igishushanyo, ihame ryimikorere nibisabwa, kimwe no guhitamo neza, gusana no gusimbuza abahindura ubushyuhe muriyi ngingo.
Niki guhinduranya amavuta ya KAMAZ?
Guhindura ubushyuhe bwamavuta (guhinduranya amavuta-amavuta, LMT) nigice cyo gusiga no gukonjesha amashanyarazi akomeye ya mazutu;Guhindura ubushyuhe bwabugenewe bwubatswe muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya moteri, itanga ubukonje bwamavuta ya moteri kubera guhana ubushyuhe hamwe na coolant flow.
Sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta ya mazutu akomeye ya KAMAZ ikora mubihe bigoye, amavuta ahora ahura nubushyuhe bwinshi kandi buhoro buhoro atakaza imico.Muburyo bumwe, amavuta ya moteri arashobora gushyuha, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwijimye no gusiga, ndetse no kubora cyane no gucanwa.Ubwanyuma, amavuta ashyushye yangiza imikorere ya moteri ndetse birashobora no gutuma binanirwa.Iki kibazo cyakemuwe no kwinjiza ibintu bikonjesha amavuta - guhinduranya ubushyuhe - muri sisitemu yo gusiga moteri ya KAMAZ.
Guhindura ubushyuhe bwamavuta nigice cyingenzi muri sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta no gukonjesha, ituma hakurwaho ubushyuhe burenze kuri peteroli kubera guhanahana ubushyuhe hamwe no gukaraba gukonjesha (coolant).Niyo mpamvu ibikoresho byubwoko byitwa amavuta-amavuta yo guhanahana ubushyuhe, cyangwa LMT.Iki gice gikora imirimo myinshi:
- Gukonjesha igice cy'amavuta ku bushyuhe bwa moteri iri munsi ya dogere 100;
- Gukonjesha amavuta yose yinjira muri moteri ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 100-110;
- Kugabanya ikoreshwa rya peteroli kumyanda no kongera ubuzima bwayo;
- Kugenzura uburyo bwiza bwubushyuhe bwa sisitemu zitandukanye za moteri - dukesha LMT, ubushyuhe bwamavuta ntibwigera bugabanuka munsi yubushyuhe bukonje, bugira uruhare mubushuhe bumwe bwibice bya moteri, kugabanya imihangayiko, nibindi.;
- Kworoshya igishushanyo cya sisitemu yo gukonjesha amavuta no kugabanya igiciro cya moteri mugihe harebwa ibintu bisanzwe biranga imikorere yayo.
Uyu munsi, guhinduranya ubushyuhe byashyizwe muri moteri ya KAMAZ ya mazutu yujuje ubuziranenge bwa Euro-2 no hejuru yayo, bigira uruhare runini mukumenya ibintu bisanzwe biranga amashanyarazi muburyo bwose bukora.Guhindura ubushyuhe bidakwiye bigomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa burundu vuba bishoboka, ariko mbere yo kugura igice gishya, ugomba kumva igishushanyo nigikorwa cyibi bikoresho.
Igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya KAMAZ ihinduranya amavuta
Kuri moteri ya KAMAZ, gusa shell-na-tube (tubular) ubwoko bwa shell-na-tube (tubular) ubwoko bwimpinduka zitandukanye burakoreshwa.Muburyo, iki gice kiroroshye rwose, kigizwe nibice bikurikira:
● Umubiri (ikariso);
● Core hamwe na deflector;
In Inlet manifold;
Gusohora ibintu byinshi.
Ishimikiro ryigishushanyo ni umubiri wa aluminium silindrike (casing), kurukuta rw'imiyoboro hamwe nubuso bwuzuye byuzuzwa kugirango bihuze akayunguruzo ka peteroli (kwishyiriraho bikorwa binyuze mu gaseke).Impera yigitereko ifunze hamwe nigifuniko kidasanzwe hamwe na nozzles - inlet na outlet manifolds, icya mbere gitanga ubukonje buva mwikoti ryamazi yumuriro wa silinderi imbere yinzu, naho icya kabiri gisubiza amazi muma sisitemu yo gukonjesha moteri.Gucukura no kumuyoboro bikozwe kumubiri kugirango hashyirwemo indangagaciro za bypass, zemeza ko amavuta arengana ahinduranya ubushyuhe mugihe intangiriro yacyo ifunze.
Intangiriro yashyizwe imbere murubanza - iteraniro ryumuringa muto cyangwa uruzitiro rwumuringa rushyizwe mubipapuro byuma byuma.Ku nkingi hari amasahani atanu afite igice gisohoka, kigabanya igice cyose mo ibice bine, gitanga impinduka mubyerekezo bitemba amavuta.Ku ruhande rumwe rw'imbere hari flange, iyo, mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho, iruhukira kumpera yumubiri, kurundi ruhande flange ifite diameter kuburyo ishobora guhuza cyane mumasanduku, kandi hariho O-impeta nyinshi kuri ni.Igishushanyo cyemeza gutandukanya urujya n'uruza rwamavuta, bikabuza kuvanga.Kandi kugirango icyerekezo cyukuri cyamavuta atemba, deflector iherereye kuruhande rumwe rwibanze - impeta yicyuma ifunguye hamwe nu mwanya.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya peteroli ya KAMAZ
Muri LMT yateranijwe, hashyirwaho uburyo bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe hamwe n’imigezi ibiri yitaruye: ibicurane bitembera mu miyoboro yibanze, kandi amavuta akanyura mu mwanya uri hagati yigituba ninkuta za kase.Bitewe no gutandukanya intangiriro mubice bine, inzira yo gutembera kwa peteroli iriyongera, bigera ku bushyuhe bwogukwirakwiza neza bwa coolant.
LMT yashyizwe ku nteko ya moteri hamwe na filteri ya peteroli (valve ya thermopower valve igenga urujya n'uruza rw'amavuta binyuze mumashanyarazi nayo iri hano), itangwa ryayo hamwe nibisohoka bihujwe nu miyoboro ijyanye na blindingi.Mu bishushanyo byinshi, itangwa ryinshi rihujwe no guhagarika hakoreshejwe umuyoboro mugufi, kandi imyuka isohoka ihujwe hakoreshejwe ubuso bwuzuye.
LMT ikora kuburyo bukurikira.Iyo ubushyuhe bwa moteri buri munsi ya dogere 95, amashanyarazi yumuriro arafunga, nuko amavuta yose ava muma pompe yamavuta anyura mumashanyarazi hanyuma ahita yinjira muri sisitemu yo gusiga moteri.Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse hejuru ya dogere 95, valve irakinguka, kandi igice cyamavuta avuye muyungurura cyoherezwa kuri LMT - hano inyura imbere mugisanduku kizengurutse intoki, itanga ubushyuhe burenze kuri coolant inyura mu miyoboro, kandi gusa hanyuma yinjira muri sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta.Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse hejuru ya dogere 100, valve yumuriro iyobora itemba ryamavuta yose kuva muyungurura kugera kuri LMT.Niba kubwimpamvu iyo ari yo yose ubushyuhe bwa moteri bwarenze dogere 115, gukonjesha amavuta muri LMT ntibigire icyo bikora kandi hashobora kubaho ubushyuhe - icyerekezo gikwiranye nicyapa kiburira ko ibintu byihutirwa.
Ikoreshwa ryoguhindura amavuta kumodoka ya KAMAZ
LMTs zashyizwe gusa kuri moteri ya KAMAZ 740 ya mazutu yo guhindura ibintu bitandukanye bya Euro-2, 3 na 4.Ubwoko bubiri bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe bukoreshwa uyumunsi:
● Catalog nomero 740.11-1013200 - guhindura bigufi;
● Catalog nomero 740.20-1013200 ni ihinduka rirerire.
Itandukaniro riri hagati yibi bice riri mubishushanyo mbonera by'abakusanya, bityo, muburyo bwo guhuza sisitemu yo gukonjesha.Muri LMT ngufi, isohoka ryinshi rifite gusa ubuso bwuzuye kurangiza kugirango uhuze umuyoboro ukoresheje bolts cyangwa sitidiyo.Guhindura ubushyuhe hamwe nibintu byinshi ni rusange, birakwiriye kuri moteri nyinshi za KAMAZ zo mubyiciro bitandukanye byibidukikije.Muri LMT ndende kuri outold manifold hari umuyoboro wo guhuza hose na clamp yicyuma.Bitabaye ibyo, ibice byombi birasa kandi birashobora kwomekwa kumateraniro isanzwe.
Gushiraho KAMAZ ihinduranya amavuta kumashanyarazi
Na none, mu bice byuhererekanya ubushyuhe, bitewe nuburyo bwo kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika, gucamo no gutoboka bibaho amavuta yinjira muri coolant.Ikibazo kimwe kigaragara mugihe ibintu bifunze bifunze cyangwa byangiritse.Muri iki kibazo, LMT igomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa rwose.Uyu munsi, hari ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gusana ku isoko birimo gaseke, cores, manifolds nibindi bice.Niba gusana bidashoboka cyangwa bidashoboka, noneho birakenewe gusimbuza burundu igice.Imirimo yose ikorwa hubahirijwe amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza imodoka.Mbere yo gusana, gukonjesha hamwe nigice cyamavuta biravomerwa, nyuma yo gusimburwa, amazi yose azanwa kurwego rwifuzwa.Ibikurikira, LMT isaba gusa kugenzura no kugenzura buri gihe muri buri gihe cyo kubungabunga bisanzwe.
Niba ubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwatoranijwe kandi bugashyirwaho neza, noneho amavuta ya moteri azahorana ubushyuhe bwiza, byemeza imikorere yingufu zamashanyarazi
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-13-2023