Imodoka nyinshi hamwe na za romoruki zikoresha sisitemu yo gusohora, ikubiyemo ibice bifasha - imiyoboro yo gufata.Soma byose kubyerekeranye no gufata imiyoboro, ubwoko bwabo buriho, igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nibisabwa, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza ibi bice muriyi ngingo.
Umuyoboro unywa ni iki?
Umuyoboro wo gufata (umuyoboro ufata umuyoboro) ni ikintu cya sisitemu yo gusohora gaze ya moteri yo gutwika imbere;Umuyoboro mugufi wumwirondoro runaka no kwambukiranya ibice, byemeza kwakira imyuka iva mumyuka myinshi cyangwa turbocharger hamwe nibitangwa kubintu bikurikira bya sisitemu.
Sisitemu yo gusohora imodoka nibindi bikoresho ni sisitemu yimiyoboro nibintu bitandukanye byemeza ko imyuka ishyushye ivuye muri moteri ikajya mu kirere no kugabanya urusaku rwinshi.Iyo uvuye kuri moteri, imyuka iba ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu, bityo ibintu biramba kandi birwanya ubushyuhe biri hano - imyuka myinshi.Imiyoboro hamwe nabafata flame, resonator, muffler, kutabogama nibindi bintu biva mukusanya.Nyamara, muri sisitemu nyinshi, kwishyiriraho imiyoboro yo gufata ntibikorwa mu buryo butaziguye ku bakusanya, ahubwo binyuze mu kintu cya adapter - umuyoboro muto wo gufata.
Umuyoboro wo gufata ukemura ibibazo byinshi muri sisitemu yo kuzimya:
Kwakira imyuka iva mu bice byinshi kandi yerekeza ku muyoboro wakira;
Guhinduranya imyuka ya gazi isohoka ku mfuruka itanga ahantu heza h'ibintu bikurikira bya sisitemu;
● Mu miyoboro ifite indishyi zinyeganyeza - kunyeganyega kwa moteri na sisitemu yo kuzimya.
Umuyoboro wo gufata ni ingenzi mu gufunga sisitemu yimyuka n'imikorere isanzwe, kubwibyo, mugihe byangiritse cyangwa byacitse, iki gice kigomba gusimburwa vuba bishoboka.Kandi kugirango uhitemo neza imiyoboro, birakenewe gusobanukirwa ubwoko buriho, igishushanyo nibiranga ibi bice.
Sisitemu yogukoresha hamwe no gukoresha imiyoboro yinjira
Ubwoko nigishushanyo cyimiyoboro yinjira
Twabibutsa ako kanya ko imiyoboro yo gufata idakoreshwa muri moteri zose - iki gice gikunze kuboneka kubice byamakamyo, romoruki nibikoresho bitandukanye bidasanzwe, no kumodoka zitwara abagenzi, kwakira imiyoboro yuburyo butandukanye ikoreshwa cyane.Imiyoboro yinjira iroroha muri sisitemu yo gusohora moteri ikomeye, aho bisabwa gukora byoroshye kuvanaho imyuka iva mumashanyarazi cyangwa turbocharger mumwanya muto.Mugihe rero usana sisitemu, ugomba kubanza kumenya neza ko harimo umuyoboro, cyangwa niba ukeneye umuyoboro wakira.
Imiyoboro yose yo gufata igabanijwemo amatsinda abiri manini ukurikije igishushanyo n'imikorere:
Imiyoboro isanzwe;
● Nozzles ihujwe nindishyi zinyeganyeza.
Imiyoboro yoroshye ifite igishushanyo cyoroshye: ni umuyoboro ugororotse cyangwa wunamye wicyuma gihindagurika cyambukiranya ibice, kumpande zombi zaho zihuza flanges hamwe nu mwobo wa sitidiyo, bolts cyangwa ibindi bifunga.Imiyoboro igororotse irashobora gukorwa mugushiraho kashe cyangwa mu bice by'imiyoboro, imiyoboro igoramye ikorwa mu gusudira imyenda myinshi - inkuta zashyizweho kashe ku mpande n'impeta hamwe na flanges.Mubisanzwe, gushiraho flanges bikozwe muburyo bwimpeta cyangwa amasahani ashyizwe kumugaragaro umuyoboro, umuvuduko wumuyoboro ugana ibice byo guhuza (imiyoboro, manifold, turbocharger) utangwa na flanged weld ifite ubunini buto.Hariho kandi nozzles idafite flanges, zishyirwaho no gusudira cyangwa gutobora hakoreshejwe ibyuma bifata ibyuma.
Nozzles hamwe no kwagura ingingo zifite igishushanyo mbonera.Ishimikiro ryigishushanyo nacyo ni umuyoboro wibyuma, kumpera yumusozo wacyo hari indishyi zinyeganyeza, zitanga ihindagurika ryigice cyibice bya sisitemu.Indishyi zisanzwe zisudwa kumuyoboro, iki gice gishobora kuba muburyo bubiri:
● Inzogera - umuyoboro usukuye (irashobora kuba igipande kimwe na bibiri, irashobora kugira igitereko cyo hanze n'imbere gikozwe mu byuma bidafite ingese);
Hose Icyuma cyuma nicyuma kigoramye hamwe nicyuma cyo hanze (gishobora no kugira igitereko cyimbere).
Imiyoboro ifite kwaguka nayo ifite ibikoresho byo guhuza flanges, ariko uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho burashoboka ukoresheje gusudira cyangwa guhambira.
Imiyoboro ifata irashobora kugira umurongo uhoraho cyangwa uhindagurika.Kwagura imiyoboro ikoreshwa cyane, aho, bitewe nimpinduka zinyuranye zambukiranya, habaho igabanuka ryumuvuduko wimyuka ya gaze.Nanone, ibice bishobora kugira umwirondoro utandukanye:
Pipe Umuyoboro ugororotse;
Ipe Umuyoboro ufite inguni ya dogere 30, 45 cyangwa 90.
Amajwi agororotse akoreshwa muri sisitemu aho imigozi ikenewe kugirango ihindure gaze itangwa mumashanyarazi menshi kandi / cyangwa mumiyoboro ikurikira.Imiyoboro inguni ikoreshwa cyane muguhindura imyuka ihagaritse hepfo cyangwa kuruhande no gusubira inyuma ugereranije na moteri.Gukoresha imiyoboro yinguni igufasha gukora sisitemu yogusohora iboneza risabwa kugirango ushire neza kumurongo cyangwa munsi yumubiri wimodoka.
Umuyoboro winjira hamwe na bellows vibration indishyi Umuyoboro winjira hamwe na vibrasiya
indishyi muburyo bwicyuma hamwe nicyuma
Gushiraho imiyoboro yo gufata bikorwa bikorwa kubintu bibiri byingenzi bya sisitemu yo kuzimya:
● Hagati yumuriro mwinshi, indishyi hamwe numuyoboro wo gufata;
● Hagati ya turbocharger, indishyi n'umuyoboro wo gufata.
Mu rubanza rwa mbere, imyuka isohoka ikusanya yinjira mu muyoboro, aho ishobora kuzunguruka ku nguni ya dogere 30-90, hanyuma ikanyura mu ndishyi zinyeganyeza (inzogera zitandukanye cyangwa icyuma gitandukanye) zigaburirwa mu muyoboro kugeza muffler ( catalizator, gufata flame, nibindi).Mugihe cya kabiri, imyuka ishyushye ivuye mumyuka myinshi ibanza kwinjira muri turbine igice cya turbocharger, aho batanga igice cyingufu zabo hanyuma noneho bakarekurwa mumiyoboro ifata.Iyi gahunda ikoreshwa kumodoka nyinshi nibindi bikoresho byimodoka hamwe na moteri ya turubarike.
Mu bihe byasobanuwe, umuyoboro wo gufata uhujwe nuruhande rwarwo rusohokana nindishyi zinyeganyeza, bikozwe muburyo bwigice gitandukanye hamwe na flanges yacyo.Sisitemu nkiyi ntabwo yizewe kandi irashobora kwibasirwa no kunyeganyega kwangiza, none uyumunsi imiyoboro ikoreshwa cyane ni ihuriro ryagutse.Gahunda zabo zo guhuza zirasa nizo zavuzwe haruguru, ariko ntizifite indishyi zigenga hamwe nizifata.
Gushyira imiyoboro bikorwa hakoreshejwe sitidiyo cyangwa bolts byanyuze muri flanges.Gufunga ingingo bikorwa mugushiraho gasketi ikozwe mubikoresho bidashya.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza umuyoboro wafashwe
Umuyoboro wo gufata wa sisitemu usohoka ukorerwa imizigo ikomeye yubushyuhe nubukanishi, kubwibyo, mugihe cyimodoka, nibi bice akenshi bisaba gusimburwa bitewe nubumuga, gucika no gutwikwa.Imikorere mibi yimiyoboro igaragazwa nurusaku rwinshi rw urusaku no kunyeganyega bya sisitemu yumuriro, kandi hamwe na hamwe no gutakaza ingufu za moteri no kwangirika kwimikorere ya turbocharger (kubera ko imikorere yikigo ihungabanye).Imiyoboro ifite ibice, gucana no gusenyuka (harimo imikorere mibi yindishyi zishyizwe hamwe) bigomba guhinduka.
Kubisimbuza, ugomba guhitamo umuyoboro wubwoko bumwe (numero ya catalog) washyizweho mbere.Ariko, nibiba ngombwa, urashobora gukoresha ibigereranyo, mugihe cyose bihuye neza nigice cyambere muburyo bwo kwishyiriraho no guhuza ibice.Niba imiyoboro itandukanye hamwe no kwaguka byashyizwe kumodoka, noneho nibyiza gukoresha ibice bimwe kugirango bisimburwe, nyamara, nibiba ngombwa, birashobora gusimbuzwa imiyoboro hamwe nindishyi zishyizwe hamwe.Gusimburana inyuma nabyo biremewe, ariko ntibishobora gukorwa buri gihe, kubera ko muriki gihe ugomba gukoresha ibindi bifunga hamwe na kashe, kugirango ubishyiremo hashobora kuba hatari umwanya wubusa.
Gusimbuza umuyoboro bikorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana imodoka.Muri rusange, iki gikorwa gikozwe gusa: birahagije guhagarika umuyoboro (cyangwa indishyi) kumuyoboro, hanyuma ukureho umuyoboro ubwawo muri manifold / turbocharger.Nyamara, ibyo bikorwa akenshi bigorana nimbuto zumye cyangwa bolts, bigomba kubanza gusenywa hifashishijwe ibikoresho byihariye.Mugihe ushyira umuyoboro mushya, ibintu byose byatanzweho kashe (gasketi) nabyo bigomba gushyirwaho, bitabaye ibyo sisitemu ntizifungwa.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gusimbuza imiyoboro yo gufata, sisitemu yo gusohora izakora neza imirimo yayo muburyo bwose bwo gukora amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-14-2023