Kimwe mu bice byingenzi byogukwirakwiza ni isahani fatizo, ishinzwe imikorere ya breaker.Ibintu byose bijyanye no kumena amasahani, ubwoko bwabo buriho nibiranga igishushanyo, kimwe no guhitamo, gusimbuza no guhindura ibyo bice byasobanuwe muburyo burambuye muriyi ngingo.
Icyapa cyo gukwirakwiza ni iki
Isahani yo gukwirakwiza isahani (icyuma gifata icyapa) nikintu cyo gutwika-kugabura (kugabura);Isahani yicyuma ikora nkinkunga yitsinda ryitsinda ryamena cyangwa ikwirakwiza statut ya sisitemu yo gutwika.
Muri carburetor hamwe na moteri zimwe na zimwe za lisansi, sisitemu yo gutwika yubatswe hashingiwe ku gikoresho gikoresha imashini - kumena-kugabura, bakunze kwita gusa kugabura.Iki gice gihuza ibikoresho bibiri: icyuma kigizwe nuruhererekane rwimisemburo ngufi igezweho, hamwe nuwagabanije kwemeza itangwa ryigihe cyayo kuri silinderi ya moteri (ikora imirimo yo guhinduranya).Sisitemu zitandukanye zifite inshingano zo gushiraho amashanyarazi menshi cyane mu bagabura:
● Muri sisitemu yo gutwika - kumena yubatswe kumatsinda yo guhuza, rimwe na rimwe ufungurwa na kamera izunguruka;
● Muri sisitemu yo gutwika idafite aho ihuriye, sensor (Hall, inductive cyangwa optique) itanga ibimenyetso byo kugenzura kuri switch, nayo, ikabyara amashanyarazi menshi mumashanyarazi.
Sisitemu zombi - zombi zisanzwe zimenyekanisha hamwe na sensor - ziherereye mumazu yabatanze umuriro, zahujwe nuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza rotor.Muri ibyo bihe byombi, inkunga ya sisitemu nigice cyihariye - icyapa kimena (cyangwa icyapa cyo gukwirakwiza).Iki gice kigira uruhare runini mumikorere yabakwirakwiza bose, kunanirwa kwayo mubisanzwe bihagarika imikorere ya sisitemu yo gutwika.Isahani idakwiye igomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa, ariko kugirango ikosorwe neza, birakenewe gusobanukirwa ubwoko buriho bwamasahani yamenetse, igishushanyo cyayo nibiranga.
Itsinda ryitumanaho
Ubwoko, igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya disikuru ikwirakwiza
Isahani yamenetse igabanyijemo amatsinda abiri ukurikije ubwoko bwogukwirakwiza:
● Kubakwirakwiza;
● Kubatagabura.
Ibice bifite itandukaniro rinini hagati yabandi mugushushanya no gukora.
Isahani yameneka ya sisitemu yo gutwika
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwabakwirakwiza kumena ibyapa bya sisitemu yo gutwika:
Amasahani adafite akazu;
Amasahani ahujwe n'akazu kegeranye.
Igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nicyapa cyibanze hamwe nabahuza
Igishushanyo cyoroshye cyane ni amasahani yubwoko bwa mbere.Ishimikiro ryigishushanyo ni icyapa cyanditseho kashe yerekana ishusho igoye, hagati yacyo hacukuwe umwobo uzengurutswe hamwe na cola kugirango ihuze icyuma.Isahani yashushanyijeho umwobo kandi woroshye kugirango ushyireho itsinda ryitumanaho hamwe na stand hamwe numurongo wunvikana wo gusiga no gusukura uruzitiro, hamwe nu mwobo umeze nkumugozi aho washyizemo itsinda ryitumanaho kugirango uhindure ikinyuranyo hagati yabyo.Isahani itangwa hamwe nigitereko cyashyizwe kumurongo hamwe ninsinga nini hamwe na terefone yubwoko bumwe cyangwa ubundi.Ibyapa bimena ubu bwoko byakoreshwaga cyane mubikwirakwiza byashyizwe ku modoka za VAZ "Classic" hamwe n’abandi bamwe, muri ibyo bice iki gice cyitwa "icyimuka cyimuka".
Igishushanyo kirenzeho gifite amasahani yo kumena ubwoko bwa kabiri.Mu buryo bwubaka, iki gice kigizwe nibintu bibiri: icyapa cyimuka cyimuka hamwe nakazu.Isahani yimukanwa ifite igishushanyo gisa nicyo cyasobanuwe haruguru, munsi yacyo hari akazu kegeranye - nanone igice cyicyuma cyashyizweho kashe, kumpande zombi amaguru agizwe nu mwobo wo gushira mumazu yabagabuzi.Ikirangantego kiri hagati yisahani yimukanwa nakazu, itsinda ryitumanaho rifite insinga hamwe numugozi wa feri byashyizwe kumasahani yimukanwa, kandi insinga nini ihuza akazu.
Ubwoko bwamasahani bwombi bwashyizwe munsi yumuriro wo kugabura amazu.Isahani idafite akazu gashyizwemo mu buryo butaziguye mu nzu, ikora nk'akazu.Ubwoko bwa kabiri bw'isahani bushyirwa mu nzu hamwe n'imigozi yinjiye mu kato.Isahani yimukanwa ihujwe na vacuum ikosora hakoreshejwe gukwega, bityo bigahindura igihe cyo gutwika bitewe nuburyo moteri ikora.
Menyesha ubwoko bwa igintion ikwirakwiza
Ikwirakwiza ryibyapa muri sisitemu yo guhuza sisitemu ikora kuburyo bukurikira.Isahani yemeza neza aho itsinda ryitumanaho rijyanye no kugabura.Iyo uruziga ruzunguruka, ingamiya zayo zikubita umubyigano wimukanwa, zitanga ihagarikwa ryigihe gito cyumuyaga, bitewe nimpiswi nini ya voltage ikozwe mumashanyarazi, igahabwa uyikwirakwiza hanyuma ikajya kuri buji muri silinderi. .Iyo uhinduye uburyo bwo gukora bwa moteri, ikosora ya vacuum izunguruka isahani yimukanwa ku nguni runaka mu cyerekezo kimwe cyangwa ikindi, igera ku gihinduka mugihe cyo gutwika.Kuzenguruka neza kw'isahani mugihe ukomeje gukomera bihagije kumiterere itangwa no kwishyiriraho.
Amasahani yabatagabanije
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwitumanaho ridakwirakwizwa:
● Hamwe na sensor ya Hall;
● Hamwe na sensor inductive;
● Hamwe na sensor optique.
Mubibazo byose, ishingiro ryigice ni kashe ya plaque yashyizweho kashe ya sensor cyangwa ikindi gikoresho.Isahani ishyirwa mu cyuma kiri mu nzu ikwirakwiza kandi igahuzwa n'ikosora ya vacuum ikoresheje inkoni, kandi abayobora nabo bari ku isahani kugira ngo bohereze ibimenyetso byabigenewe kuri switch.
Ubwoko butagira aho bugarukira
Ukurikije ubwoko bwabakwirakwiza, ibice bitandukanye birashobora kuboneka kumasahani:
Sens sensor ya salle - igikoresho gifite chip ya Hall, aho ikozwe muri rotor ihujwe na shitingi;
Igiceri kinini-gihinduranya ni igiceri kizengurutse nicyo shingiro ryubwoko bwa inductive sensor, rukuruzi ihujwe nogukwirakwiza rotor ikora nka rotor muri sensor;
S sensor ya optique ni igikoresho gifite LED hamwe na fotodiode (cyangwa fotorezistor), bitandukanijwe na groove ya rotor hamwe nuduce twahujwe nigikoresho cyo kugabura.
Ikoreshwa cyane ni sensor-ikwirakwiza yubatswe hashingiwe kuri sensor ya Hall - irashobora kuboneka kumodoka za VAZ hamwe namakamyo menshi.Ibyuma bifata ibyuma byifashishwa bikoreshwa cyane cyane, abatanga ibicuruzwa murashobora kubisanga mumodoka ya GAZ-24 na nyuma ya Volga, moderi ya UAZ kugiti cyabo nizindi.Optical sensor-distributors kumodoka zo murugo ntabwo zikoreshwa, zirashobora kugaragara kumodoka zimwe zakozwe mumahanga zifite moteri ya karburetor.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza icyapa cyo gukwirakwiza
Mugihe cyimikorere yabakwirakwiza, icyapa kimena gikorerwa imashini nubushyuhe bwumuriro, biganisha ku kwambara buhoro buhoro ibice byayo (cyane cyane itsinda ryitumanaho), guhindagurika no kwangirika.Ibi byose bigaragazwa no kwangirika kwa sisitemu yo gutwika, harimo guhinduka bidatinze mugihe cyo gutwika cyangwa kutabasha kuyihindura, isura yo guhagarika ibikorwa mumikorere ya silinderi kugiti cye, kwangirika gutangira, nibindi.
Kubisimbuza, ugomba gufata plaque yameneka gusa yubwoko (kataloge numero) yashizwemo mugukwirakwiza mbere, cyangwa byasabwe nuwabikoze.Kugirango ushyireho isahani nshya, birakenewe gusenya no gusenya uwagabanije (kubera ko iki gice giherereye munsi yikigice, ugomba kuvanaho uwagabanije nuyobora kugirango abigereho) - ibi bigomba gukorwa ukurikije amabwiriza. yo gusana moteri cyangwa imodoka runaka.Isahani nshya igomba kugwa mu mwanya nta mbaraga kandi ikazunguruka mu bwisanzure.Mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, hagomba kwitonderwa guhuza isahani hamwe na vacuum ikosora hamwe nibikoresho byose byamashanyarazi.
Guhindura abakwirakwiza itsinda
Mugihe cyimikorere yabakwirakwiza, ibibazo birashobora kugaragara bitajyanye nimiterere yisahani, ariko biterwa nimpinduka yo gutandukanya icyuho hagati yabatandukanya.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ugomba gusenya igice ukwirakwiza mugukuraho igifuniko, kandi ugapima ikinyuranyo hagati yabahuza - kigomba kuba kiri mumipaka yashyizweho nuwagikoze.Niba icyuho gitandukanye nicyashizweho, noneho birakenewe ko urekura umugozi uhuza itsinda ryitumanaho hanyuma ugahindura icyuho, hanyuma ugakomeza umugozi.Birashobora kandi kuba nkenerwa koza contact kuri soot hamwe numusenyi.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gusimbuza icyuma kimena-icyapa cyangwa icyuma gikwirakwiza, sisitemu yo gutwika izakora yizeye kandi yizewe muburyo bwose bukora moteri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-10-2023