Mu binyabiziga byinshi bifite ibiziga, ibiziga bifatwa na hub ihagarara kumurongo ukoresheje ibyuma bidasanzwe.Soma byose kubyerekeranye na hub, ubwoko bwabo buriho, ibishushanyo, ibiranga imikorere nibisabwa, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza ibice mubice.
Hub ifite iki?
Hub gutwara (gutwara ibiziga) - guteranya munsi yimodoka (guhagarika ibiziga) byimodoka ifite ibiziga;Kuzenguruka kwishusho imwe cyangwa iyindi, itanga guhuza, guhuza no kuzunguruka kubusa kumurongo wibiziga kumurongo.
Ikiziga gifite uruziga rukora imirimo myinshi:
● Kugenzura niba bishoboka kuzenguruka hub kuri axe (trunnion) hamwe no kugabanya imbaraga zo guterana amagambo;
Guhuza imashini ya hub hamwe na axe (trunnion) cyangwa ipikipiki;
● Hagati ya hub kuri axis;
Gukwirakwiza imbaraga za radiyo na latal na torque ziva mu ruziga zinyuze mu ihuriro kugeza kuri axe no guhagarika imodoka, no mu cyerekezo gitandukanye;
● Gupakurura imitambiko ya axe ya axe ya disiki - uruziga ntirufatirwa ku rufunzo rw'umutambiko, ahubwo rushingiye ku kiyobora, trunnion cyangwa urumuri.
Ibiziga byikiziga bikoreshwa mugushiraho ihuriro ryimodoka zose zamakamyo namakamyo, bisi, ibimashini nibindi bikoresho, ibiziga byimodoka ya traktor zo mu byiciro bito bikurura (mubisanzwe muri byo ibiziga byinyuma bihujwe cyane nigitambambuga), kimwe muri moteri-yimodoka yibinyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi.Ihuriro rya hub rifite akamaro gakomeye kuri chassis yimodoka, mugihe rero habaye amakosa, igomba gusimburwa.Ariko mbere yo kugura ibicuruzwa, birakenewe gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwabyo, imiterere n'ibiranga.
Ubwoko, igishushanyo nibintu biranga hub
Kuzunguruka bifashishwa mugushiraho ihuriro kumirongo, ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi zizewe, zitanga kugabanuka kwinshi kwingufu zo guterana.Muri rusange, igishushanyo mbonera cyoroshye: izi ni impeta ebyiri - hanze n’imbere - hagati yazo hari urukurikirane rwibintu bizunguruka bifunze mu kato (inshundura ikozwe mu cyuma cyangwa plastike yemeza neza neza aho ibintu bizunguruka ).Umwanya w'imbere wuzuyemo amavuta, icyuho kiri hagati yimpeta gifunzwe nigifuniko kugirango wirinde kumeneka amavuta no kwanduza imbere yimbere.Igishushanyo cyubwoko butandukanye bushobora gutandukana, nkuko byasobanuwe hano hepfo.
Ibiziga by'ibiziga byashyizwe mu byiciro ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera hamwe n'ibikoresho bizunguruka, kimwe n'icyerekezo cy'umutwaro ugaragara.
Ukurikije imibiri yo kuzunguruka yakoreshejwe, ibyuma ni:
Umupira - kuzunguruka bibaho kumipira yicyuma;
Roller - kuzunguruka bikorwa ku muzingo wa conical.
Muri icyo gihe, ukurikije aho ibintu bizunguruka, ibyuma bigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri:
Umurongo umwe;
Row Imirongo ibiri.
Mugihe cyambere, hariho umurongo umwe wumupira cyangwa umuzingo hagati yimpeta, mukwa kabiri - imirongo ibiri imwe.
Ukurikije icyerekezo gisanzwe cyumutwaro kuri bo, hub hub ni:
● Imirasire;
● Imirasire-itera kwishyira hamwe.
Inguni yo guhuza inguni ikurura imbaraga zerekejwe kumurongo (kuruhande rwa radiyo) no kuruhande.Ibi byemeza imikorere isanzwe yikinyabiziga, hatitawe kumiterere yimigendere yibiziga - byaba ari kunyeganyega mu ndege ihagaritse (mugihe utwaye mumihanda itaringaniye), cyangwa gutandukana kwiziga kuva kumurongo muremure (guhindukira kuyobora) ibiziga, imitwaro iringaniye kumuziga iyo utsinze radii cyangwa mugihe utwaye ahantu hahanamye, ingaruka zuruhande kumuziga, nibindi).
Bitewe nigishushanyo mbonera, kwishyiriraho-kwishyiriraho indishyi zimwe zidahuye neza na axe na hub, bikagabanya ubukana bwo kwambara ibice.
Mu buryo, muburyo bwubwoko bwaganiriweho buratandukanye.
Umurongo umwe washyizweho inguni zifatika.Zigizwe nimpeta ebyiri, hagati yizunguruka zomekeranye, zitandukanijwe nuwitandukanya.Umwanya w'imbere wikizimu wuzuye amavuta, urinzwe gufunga no kumeneka hakoreshejwe O-impeta.Igice cyubu bwoko ntigishobora gutandukana.
Imirongo ibiri-inguni ihuza imipira hamwe no kwishyira hamwe.Zigizwe nimpeta ebyiri nini, hagati yimirongo ibiri yimipira ihindagurika, itandukanijwe numutandukanya rusange.Kwiyunga-kwishyiriraho, bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwimiterere yimbere yimbere yimpeta, bituma bishoboka guhindura imirongo yumupira ugereranije na axe ya trunnion.Ibisanzwe bisanzwe byubwoko ntibishobora gutandukana, kwishyira hamwe - birashobora kuba bidashobora gutandukana cyangwa gusenyuka.
Imirongo ibiri-inguni ihuza itumanaho.Bafite igishushanyo gisa nicyabanje.Mubisanzwe, ibizunguruka bya buri murongo bifite indorerwamo itunganijwe - igice kinini cyizunguruka hanze.Uyu mwanya uremeza no gukwirakwiza imizigo no guhuza ibice.Imyambarire y'ubu bwoko ntishobora gutandukana.
Hanyuma, ibiziga byigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri ukurikije igishushanyo cyabyo:
Ings Umuntu ku giti cye;
Ibidodo byahujwe mubice bimwe hamwe na hub.
Hub hamwe numurongo wimirongo ibiri yumupira wo kwishyiriraho
Ubwoko bwa mbere nuburyo busanzwe, bushobora gushyirwaho no gusenywa udasimbuye ibindi bice byo gushyingiranwa.Ubwoko bwa kabiri ni ibyuma byinjijwe mu ruziga, bityo ntibishobora gusimburwa ukundi.
Ahantu ho kwishyiriraho no gukoreshwa kwizunguruka
Hub ibyuma bigabanijwe mumatsinda menshi ukurikije aho ushyira hamwe nibisabwa:
● Gutwara ihuriro ryibiziga byimodoka (ibinyabiziga byimbere-ibinyabiziga byose);
● Gutwara ihuriro ryibiziga bigenda (ibinyabiziga bigenda inyuma);
● Gutwara ihuriro ryibiziga byimodoka idafite ibinyabiziga (ibinyabiziga bigenda imbere, kimwe n’ibinyabiziga bine-bine bifasha imitambiko idatwara);
● Gutwara ibibanza byo gutwara ibiziga bitagenzuwe (gutwara ibiziga byinyuma n’imodoka zose zitwara ibiziga).
Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwo kwifashisha bukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa axle na hubs:
● Mu masangano yimodoka yimodoka itwara abagenzi - umupira wimirongo ibiri cyangwa imipira;
.
● Mu ihuriro ry’ibiziga byose byimodoka zose hamwe n’ibinyabiziga by’ubucuruzi n’amakamyo, bisi, romoruki n’ibindi bikoresho (usibye bidasanzwe) hari ibyuma bibiri bifatanye.
Gushiraho ibyuma bikorwa muburyo butandukanye.Ku ruziga rw'inyuma rw'imodoka zitwara abagenzi imbere, icyuma gishyirwa kuri trunnion, naho hub ubwayo cyangwa ingoma ya feri igashyirwa ku mpeta yacyo yo hanze.Ibintu bisa nibikamyo hamwe nimodoka yinyuma yinyuma bifite igishushanyo kimwe, ariko hano ibyuma bibiri byashyizwe kumurongo.Ku ruziga rw'imbere rw'imodoka zitwara abagenzi imbere, ibinyabiziga bishyirwa mu cyuma, kandi ihuriro ryashyizwe mu mpeta y'imbere.
Igishushanyo cya hub inteko yibiziga byinyuma byimodoka yimbere
Ibibazo byo gutoranya, gusimbuza no gufata neza hub
Ibiziga by'ibiziga bikorerwa imitwaro myinshi, bityo bikunda kwambara vuba no kumeneka.Mugihe haribintu bya hum byifashe, imikorere yimodoka ikangirika, habaho gusubira inyuma bidasubirwaho hubs hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bwinteko za hub, hagomba kugenzurwa ibyuma.Niba basanze bambaye cyangwa bavunitse, bagomba gusimburwa.
Imyandikire yubwoko na kataloge nimero zashyizweho mbere bigomba guhitamo gusimburwa.Ntabwo byemewe guhindura ubwoko bwimodoka, kuko ibi bishobora guhindura ibiranga chassis bitateganijwe.By'umwihariko hagomba kwitonderwa guhitamo ibyuma bifatanye byashyizwe kuri babiri - mu bihe bimwe na bimwe birashobora gusimburwa bitiganjemo, mu bindi bihe byasimbuwe byombi birashoboka.Niba kandi imodoka ikoresha ibibanza bifite ibyuma bifatanye, ugomba rero kugura inteko yose - gusimbuza gutandukanya ibyuma muri byo ntibishoboka.
Ibiziga by'ibiziga bigomba gusimburwa no guhindurwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana iyi modoka (bisi, romoruki), hanyuma rero birakenewe ko hafatwa ingamba zo kubungabunga zerekanwe mumabwiriza yibi bice.Niba uhisemo gukora umusimbura wenyine, ugomba guhunika kubikoresho bidasanzwe byo gukanda no gukanda, bitabaye ibyo iki gikorwa ntigishoboka.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gusimburwa, kimwe no gufata neza ibiziga, chassis yimodoka izakora mubisanzwe mubihe byose kubirometero ibihumbi mirongo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-05-2023