Mu modoka zigezweho na bisi, ibikoresho byo kumurika amatara - amatara yo guhagarika - arakoreshwa cyane.Soma ibyerekeranye nigitereko cyamatara icyo aricyo, uko gitandukaniye nigitereko gisanzwe, ubwoko ki, uko gikora, kimwe no guhitamo ibyo bikoresho - soma muriki kiganiro.
Itara ni iki?
Igice cyamatara nigikoresho cyo kumurika amashanyarazi kirimo amatara hamwe na bimwe (cyangwa byose) byamatara yikimenyetso agomba kuba imbere yikinyabiziga.Igice cyamatara nigishushanyo kimwe, biroroshye gushiraho no gusenya, bizigama umwanya kandi bitanga isura nziza yimodoka.
Igice cyamatara gishobora guhuza ibice bitandukanye byo kumurika ibinyabiziga:
• Amatara yamenetse;
Amatara maremare;
Ibipimo byerekezo;
• Amatara yo guhagarara imbere;
• Amatara yo ku manywa (DRL).
Amatara asanzwe afite urumuri ruto kandi rurerure, icyerekezo cyerekezo hamwe nu mucyo wo kuruhande, DRL biroroshye gushira munsi yurwego rwamatara, muriki gihe barubahiriza byuzuye ibisabwa na GOST.Amatara yibicu ntabwo yinjizwa mumatara, kubera ko kuyashyira mumodoka bidasabwa.
Ubwoko nibiranga amatara
Amatara arashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda ukurikije ihame ryo kumurika urumuri rukoreshwa mumutwe wa optique, iboneza numubare wamatara, ubwoko bwumucyo washyizweho (amatara) nibiranga ibishushanyo mbonera.
Ukurikije umubare wamatara, amatara agabanijwe muburyo butandukanye:
• Ibisanzwe - itara ririmo optique, icyerekezo cyerekana itara ryimbere;
• Yaguwe - usibye ibikoresho byo kumurika hejuru, DRLs zashyizwe mumatara.
Mugihe kimwe, guhagarika amatara arashobora kugira ibice bitandukanye byo kumurika:
• Umutwe wa optique - urumuri ruto ruri hejuru kandi rurerure, urumuri rutandukanya urumuri ruto kandi rurerure, kimwe no guhuza itara rihuriweho hamwe n’igitereko kinini cyo hejuru gishobora gukoreshwa;
• Amatara yo guhagarara imbere - arashobora gukorwa mugice cyihariye cyumucyo wamatara (ufite icyerekezo cyacyo na diffuzeri), cyangwa ukaba uri mumatara, kuruhande rwitara rikuru;
• Amatara yo ku manywa - arashobora gukorwa muburyo bwamatara kugiti cye mugice cyacyo cyamatara, ariko akenshi bafata ishusho ya kaseti hepfo yigitereko cyangwa impeta zizengurutse amatara.Nibisanzwe, LED DRLs zikoreshwa mumatara yo guhagarika.
Ukurikije ihame ryo gukora urumuri rumuri mumutwe wa optique yamatara, igice, nkibisanzwe, kigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri manini:
• Kugaragaza (reflex) - ibikoresho byoroshye byo kumurika bikoreshwa mubuhanga bwimodoka mumyaka mirongo.Itara nk'iryo rifite ibikoresho bya parabolike cyangwa bigoye cyane (reflektor), ikusanya kandi ikagaragaza urumuri ruva ku itara rugana imbere, bigatuma hashyirwaho imipaka ikenewe;
• Amatara yo gushakisha (projection, lens) - ibikoresho bigoye cyane bimaze kumenyekana mumyaka icumi ishize.Itara nkiryo rifite urumuri rwa elliptique na lens yashyizwe imbere, iyi sisitemu yose ikusanya urumuri ruva mumatara kandi ikora urumuri rukomeye rufite imipaka ikenewe.
Amatara yerekana yoroheje kandi ahendutse, ariko amatara yo gushakisha akora urumuri rukomeye cyane, rufite ibipimo bito.Kwamamara kwamatara yumwuzure nabyo biterwa nuko bikwiranye neza n'amatara ya xenon.
Amashanyarazi
Ukurikije ubwoko bwamatara yakoreshejwe, amatara yo guhagarika arashobora kugabanwa muburyo butatu:
• Ku matara yaka - amatara ashaje yimodoka zo murugo, uyumunsi akoreshwa mugusana gusa;
• Ku matara ya halogene - amatara akunze kugaragara muri iki gihe, ahuza igiciro gito, imbaraga za luminous flux power kandi yizewe;
• Kumatara ya xenon yamashanyarazi - amatara ya kijyambere ahenze atanga umucyo mwinshi wo kumurika;
• Ku matara ya LED - amatara make asanzwe muri iki gihe, afite igiciro kiri hejuru, nubwo aramba kandi yizewe.
Amatara ya kijyambere yujuje ubuziranenge agabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri ukurikije ubwoko bwerekana icyerekezo:
• Icyerekezo cyerekezo hamwe na diffuzeri ibonerana (yera) - itara rifite itara rya amber rigomba gukoreshwa mumatara nkaya;
• Icyerekezo cyerekezo hamwe na diffuzeri yumuhondo - itara nkiryo rikoresha itara rifite itara ridasobanutse (ridafite irangi).
Hanyuma, amatara yo guhagarika kumasoko arakurikizwa, ibyinshi muribi bikoresho birashobora gushirwa gusa kumodoka zingana zingana, byongeye kandi, igishushanyo mbonera cyamatara menshi cyakozwe kugiti cyihariye cyimodoka imwe.Ibi byose bigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo no kugura itara ryimodoka.
Igishushanyo n'ibiranga amatara
Amatara yose agezweho afite igishushanyo mbonera kimwe, gitandukanye gusa muburyo burambuye.Muri rusange, igikoresho kirimo ibintu bikurikira:
1.Urugo - imiterere yikuramo imitwaro ibice bisigaye byashyizwemo;
2.Icyerekezo cyangwa ibyerekana - byerekana urumuri rwumutwe nibindi bikoresho byo kumurika, birashobora kwinjizwa muburyo bumwe cyangwa bigakorwa muburyo bwibice bitandukanye, mubisanzwe bikozwe muri plastiki kandi bifite ubuso bwindorerwamo;
3.Diffuser ni ikirahuri cyangwa ikibaho cya plastiki gifite imiterere igoye irinda ibice byimbere yumucyo (amatara na ecran) ingaruka mbi zidukikije, kandi ikagira uruhare mukurema urumuri.Irashobora gukomera cyangwa kugabanywamo ibice.Ubuso bw'imbere burakonzwe, igice kinini cyo hejuru kirashobora kuba cyoroshye;
4. Inkomoko yoroheje - amatara y'ubwoko bumwe cyangwa ubundi;
5.Ibikoresho byo guhindura - biherereye inyuma yumucyo, bikenewe kugirango uhindure amatara.
Amatara yo mu bwoko bwa Searchlight aratandukanye mubishushanyo mbonera, byongeye kandi afite lens yo gukusanya yashyizwe imbere yumucyo, kimwe na ecran yimukanwa (umwenda, umwenda) hamwe nuburyo bwo gutwara bushingiye kuri electronique.Mugaragaza ihindura urumuri ruva mumatara, rutanga guhinduranya hagati yumucyo muto kandi muremure.Mubisanzwe, amatara ya xenon afite igishushanyo nkicyo.
Na none, ibintu byinyongera birashobora kuboneka muburyo butandukanye bwamatara:
• Mu matara ya xenon - igice cya elegitoroniki cyo gutwika no kugenzura itara rya xenon;
• Ikosora ryamatara yumuriro - moteri ikoreshwa muguhindura itara riva mumodoka, rikoreshwa kugirango ugere kumurongo wicyerekezo cyumucyo utitaye kumitwaro yimodoka nuburyo bwo gutwara.
Gushyira amatara kumatara kumodoka birakorwa, nkuko bisanzwe, hamwe imigozi ibiri cyangwa itatu hamwe nigitambambuga hifashishijwe kashe ya kashe, amakadiri arashobora gukoreshwa kugirango agere kubintu byiza byo gushushanya.
Twabibutsa ko itara ryamatara, iboneza ryarwo, ibice byamatara hamwe nibiranga bigengwa cyane, bigomba kubahiriza ibipimo (GOST R 41.48-2004 nabandi bamwe), byerekanwa kumubiri wabo cyangwa diffuzeri.
Guhitamo no gukora amatara
Guhitamo amatara yumucyo ni bike, kubera ko ibyinshi mubicuruzwa bimurika kumodoka zitandukanye (kandi akenshi kubihindura bitandukanye muburyo bumwe) ntibishobora kubangikana kandi ntibishobora guhinduka.Kubwibyo, ugomba kugura amatara yubwoko nubwoko bwa catalogi yagenewe iyi modoka yihariye.
Kurundi ruhande, hari itsinda rinini ryamatara rusange ashobora gushyirwaho aho kuba amatara asanzwe cyangwa amatara asanzwe kumodoka zo murugo, amakamyo na bisi.Muri iki kibazo, ugomba kwitondera ibiranga itara, imiterere n'ibimenyetso.Ukurikije ibiranga, ibintu byose biroroshye - ugomba guhitamo amatara ya 12 cyangwa 24 V (ukurikije ingufu zitangwa numuyoboro wikinyabiziga kiri kumurongo).Kubijyanye n'iboneza, itara rigomba kuba rigizwe n'amatara agomba kuba ku kinyabiziga.
By'umwihariko hagomba kwitonderwa ubwoko bwurumuri rwamatara - birashobora kuba itara rya halogene, xenon cyangwa LED.Ukurikije ibipimo, amatara ya xenon arashobora gukoreshwa mumatara yagenewe gusa ubu bwoko bwumucyo.Nukuvuga, kwishyiriraho xenon mumatara asanzwe birabujijwe - ibi byuzuyemo ibihano bikomeye.
Kugirango umenye neza ko itara rihuye nubwoko bumwe bwamatara, ugomba kureba ku kimenyetso cyacyo.Ibishoboka byo gushiraho xenon byerekanwe mukumenyetso hamwe ninyuguti DC (urumuri ruto), DR (urumuri rurerure) cyangwa DC / R (urumuri ruto kandi rurerure).Itara ryamatara ya halogene ryerekanwe kuri HC, HR na HC / R.Amatara yose yatanzwe muriyi matara arangwa.Kurugero, niba hari itara rimwe rya halogene n itara rimwe rya xenon mumatara, noneho bizashyirwaho ubwoko bwa HC / R DC / R, niba itara rimwe rya halogene n'amatara abiri ya xenon ari HC / R DC DR, nibindi.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza amatara, imodoka izakira ibikoresho byose bikenewe byo kumurika, izubahiriza amabwiriza ariho kandi irinde umutekano mumihanda igihe icyo aricyo cyose cyumunsi cyangwa nijoro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-21-2023