Buri kinyabiziga kigezweho gifite ibyuma bitanga amashanyarazi bitanga amashanyarazi kugirango bikore sisitemu yumuriro wamashanyarazi nibikoresho byayo byose.Kimwe mu bice byingenzi bya generator ni stator ihamye.Soma ibyerekeranye na generator icyo aricyo, uko ikora kandi ikora muriyi ngingo.
Intego ya generator
Mu binyabiziga bigezweho hamwe nizindi modoka, guhuza ibyiciro bitatu bisimburana hamwe no kwishima bikoreshwa.Imashini isanzwe igizwe na stator ihamye yashizwe mumazu, rotor ifite umuyaga ushimishije, guteranya amashanyarazi (gutanga amashanyarazi kumurima uhinduranya), hamwe nigice gikosora.Ibice byose byakusanyirijwe muburyo bugereranije, bushyirwa kuri moteri kandi bufite umukandara uva kuri crankshaft.
Stator ni igice gihamye cyimodoka isimburana ikora.Mugihe cyimikorere ya generator, ni muri stator ihindagurika niho havuka umuyagankuba, uhinduka (ugakosorwa) ukagaburirwa mumurongo wubwato.
Imashini itanga amashanyarazi ifite imirimo myinshi:
• Itwara umuyaga ukoramo amashanyarazi;
• Ikora umurimo wigice cyumubiri kugirango ihuze akazi;
• Akina uruhare rwumuzunguruko wa magneti kugirango yongere inductance yumurimo ukora no gukwirakwiza neza imirongo yumurongo wa magneti;
• Ibikorwa nk'ubushyuhe - bikuraho ubushyuhe bukabije bwo gushyushya umuyaga.
Ibipimo byose bifite igishushanyo kimwe kandi ntibitandukanye muburyo butandukanye.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya generator
Mu buryo bwubaka, stator igizwe nibice bitatu byingenzi:
• Impeta y'impeta;
• Gukora ingendo (guhinduranya);
• Kwikingira.
Intangiriro ikusanyirijwe mu byuma byerekana impeta imbere.Ipaki ikozwe mumasahani, gukomera no gukomera kwimiterere itangwa no gusudira cyangwa kuzunguruka.Muri rusange, ibinono bikozwe kugirango bishyireho imirongo, kandi buri cyerekezo ni ingogo (intangiriro) kugirango ihindurwe.Intangiriro ikusanyirijwe mu masahani afite umubyimba wa mm 0.8-1, ikozwe mu byiciro byihariye bya fer cyangwa ferroalloys hamwe na rukuruzi ya rukuruzi.Hashobora kuba hari udusimba hanze ya stator kugirango tunonosore ubushyuhe, kimwe na shobuja cyangwa ibiruhuko bitandukanye kugirango uhuze amazu ya generator.
Imashini zitanga ibyiciro bitatu zikoresha imirongo itatu, imwe kuri buri cyiciro.Buri kizunguruka gikozwe mu nsinga zikozwe mu muringa zingana nini (zifite umurambararo wa 0,9 kugeza kuri mm 2 cyangwa zirenga), zishyirwa mu buryo runaka mu mwobo w’imbere.Guhinduranya bifite imiyoboro ikuramo imiyoboro ihinduranya, mubisanzwe umubare wibipapuro ni bitatu cyangwa bine, ariko hariho stators hamwe na terefone esheshatu (buri kimwe muri bitatu bizunguruka gifite uburyo bwacyo bwo guhuza ubwoko bumwe cyangwa ubundi).
Muri ruhago yibyingenzi harimo ibikoresho byikingira birinda insinga kwangirika.Na none, mubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa stator, insulasiyo irashobora kwinjizwa mumashanyarazi, byongeye bikora nkibikosora kugirango bizenguruke.Iteraniro rya stator rirashobora kwinjizwa hamwe na epoxy resin cyangwa langi, ibyo bikaba byemeza ubusugire bwimiterere (birinda ihinduka ryimyanya) kandi bigateza imbere amashanyarazi.
Stator yashizwemo cyane mumazu ya generator, kandi uyumunsi igishushanyo gikunze gukoreshwa niho stator yibanze ikora nkigice cyumubiri.Ibi bishyirwa mubikorwa byoroshye: stator ifatanye hagati yububiko bubiri bwamazu ya generator, ikomezwa hamwe na sitidiyo - "sandwich" igufasha gukora ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe no gukonjesha neza no koroshya kubungabunga.Igishushanyo nacyo kirazwi, aho stator ihujwe nigifuniko cyimbere cya generator, kandi igifuniko cyinyuma kivanwaho kandi gitanga uburyo bwo kugera kuri rotor, stator nibindi bice.
Ubwoko nibiranga stators
Imiterere ya generator iratandukanye mumibare n'imiterere ya shobuja, gahunda yo gushyira imizunguruko muri ruhago, igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana imirongo n'ibiranga amashanyarazi.
Ukurikije umubare wibisumizi kugirango uhindurwe, stators ni ubwoko bubiri:
• Hamwe n'ahantu 18;
• Hamwe n'ahantu 36.
Uyu munsi, igishushanyo mbonera cya 36 nicyo gikunze gukoreshwa cyane, kuko gitanga imikorere myiza yamashanyarazi.Amashanyarazi afite stators hamwe na groove 18 uyumunsi murashobora kuyisanga mumodoka zimwe zo murugo zisohoka kare.
Ukurikije imiterere ya shobuja, stators ni ubwoko butatu:
• Hamwe na shobuja ifunguye - ibinono byurukiramende rwambukiranya, bisaba gukosorwa byongeweho guhinduranya;
• Hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri gifunze (gifite ishusho)
• Hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri gifunze kugirango kizunguruke hamwe na coil imwe imwe - shobuja ifite igice cyambukiranya igice cyo gushyiramo umurongo umwe cyangwa ibiri y'insinga nini ya diameter nini cyangwa insinga muburyo bwa kaseti yagutse.
Ukurikije gahunda yo gushiraho, stators ni ubwoko butatu:
• Hamwe n'umuzunguruko (loop yagabanijwe) umuzenguruko - insinga ya buri kizunguruka ishyirwa mumurongo wintoki hamwe nizunguruka (mubisanzwe icyerekezo kimwe gishyirwa mubyongeweho ibice bibiri, imirongo ya kabiri nuwa gatatu ishyirwa muribi byuma. - guhindagurika rero kubona ihinduka rikenewe kugirango habeho ibyiciro bitatu bisimburana);
• Hamwe n'umuzunguruko wuzuzanya - insinga ya buri kizunguruka ishyirwa mu mwobo mu mipfunda, ukayizenguruka uva ku rundi ujya ku rundi, kandi muri buri cyuma harimo impinduka ebyiri z'umuyaga umwe werekeza mu cyerekezo kimwe;
• Hamwe n'umuhengeri wagabanijwe - insinga nayo ishyirwa mumiraba, ariko impinduka zumuyaga umwe uzunguruka zerekanwa muburyo butandukanye.
Kubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gutondekanya, buri kizunguruka gifite impinduka esheshatu zagabanijwe hejuru.
Hatitawe kuburyo bwo gushyira insinga, hariho gahunda ebyiri zo guhuza imirongo:
• "Inyenyeri" - muriki gihe, imirongo ihujwe ibangikanye (impera zimpande zose uko ari eshatu zahujwe kumwanya umwe (zeru), kandi itangiriro ryabo ni ubuntu);
• "Inyabutatu" - muriki gihe, imirongo ihujwe ikurikiranye (intangiriro yizunguruka imwe iherezo ryindi).
Iyo uhuza imirongo hamwe n "" inyenyeri ", hagaragara umuyaga mwinshi, uyu muzunguruko ukoreshwa kuri generator zifite ingufu zitarenze 1000 watt, zikora neza kumuvuduko muke.Iyo uhuza imirongo na "mpandeshatu", ikigezweho kiragabanuka (inshuro 1,7 ugereranije n "" inyenyeri "), icyakora, generator zifite gahunda nkiyi yo guhuza ikora neza kububasha bukomeye, kandi nuyobora uduce duto duto dushobora kuba Byakoreshejwe Kuri Kuzunguruka.
Akenshi, mu mwanya wa "mpandeshatu", hakoreshwa uruziga "inyenyeri ebyiri", muribwo stator itagomba kuba itatu, ariko itandatu ihindagurika - imirongo itatu ihuza "inyenyeri", naho "inyenyeri" ebyiri zirahuzwa umutwaro ugereranije.
Kubyerekeranye nimikorere, kuri stators, ikintu cyingenzi ni voltage yagabanijwe, imbaraga hamwe numuyoboro wagenwe muri windings.Ukurikije voltage nominal, stators (na generator) bigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri:
• Hamwe na voltage ihindagurika ya 14 V - kubinyabiziga bifite umuyoboro wumuyoboro wa neti ya 12 V;
• Hamwe na voltage mumuzinga wa 28 V - kubikoresho bifite umuyoboro wumuyoboro wa bort ya 24 V.
Imashini itanga amashanyarazi menshi, kubera ko byanze bikunze igabanuka ryumubyigano ribaho mugukosora no guhagarika ibintu, kandi ku bwinjiriro bwumuriro wamashanyarazi, umuyaga usanzwe wa 12 cyangwa 24 V umaze kugaragara.
Amashanyarazi menshi yimodoka, romoruki, bisi nibindi bikoresho bifite igipimo cyagenwe cya 20 kugeza kuri 60 A, 30-35 A birahagije kumodoka, 50-60 A kubikamyo, generator ifite amashanyarazi agera kuri 150 cyangwa arenga A. kubikoresho biremereye.
Ihame ry'akazi rya Generator Stator
Imikorere ya stator hamwe na generator yose ishingiye kubintu byo kwinjiza amashanyarazi - kubaho kwumuyaga mu kiyobora kigenda mumashanyarazi cyangwa ikaruhukira mumashanyarazi asimburana.Imashini zitanga ibinyabiziga, ihame rya kabiri rikoreshwa - umuyoboro uvamo umuyaga uraruhuka, kandi umurima wa rukuruzi uhora uhinduka (kuzunguruka).
Iyo moteri itangiye, rotor ya generator itangira kuzunguruka, icyarimwe voltage ivuye muri bateri itangwa kumashanyarazi yayo ashimishije.Rotor ifite ibyuma byinshi-pole yibyuma, iyo, iyo ikoreshwa mugihe cyizunguruka, ihinduka electromagnet, kimwe, rotor izunguruka ikora umurima wa magneti.Imirongo yumurima wuyu murima ihuza stator iherereye hafi ya rotor.Intangiriro ya stator ikwirakwiza umurima wa magneti muburyo runaka, imirongo yingufu zayo zambukiranya imirongo ikora - kubera induction ya electromagnetic, umuyagankuba ubyara muri bo, ukavanwa mumurongo wumuyaga, winjira mubikosora, stabilisateur hamwe numuyoboro uri kumurongo.
Hamwe no kwiyongera kwumuvuduko wa moteri, igice cyumuyaga uva kuri stator ikora ihinduranya igaburirwa kuri rotor yumurima uhinduranya - bityo generator ikajya muburyo bwo kwishima kandi ntigikeneye isoko ryabandi bantu.
Mugihe cyo gukora, stator ya generator ibona ubushyuhe nuburemere bwamashanyarazi, kandi ikanagerwaho ningaruka mbi kubidukikije.Igihe kirenze, ibi birashobora gutuma habaho kwangirika kwizuba hagati yumuyaga no kumashanyarazi.Muri iki gihe, stator igomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa rwose.Hamwe no kubungabunga buri gihe no gusimbuza stator mugihe, generator izakora neza, itanga imodoka mumashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-24-2023