Muri garebox iyo ari yo yose, nko mubikoresho byose bya mashini bifite ibice bizunguruka, hariho ibyuma bizunguruka bingana nibice 12 cyangwa byinshi.Soma byose kubyerekeranye na gearbox, ubwoko bwabyo, igishushanyo n'ibiranga, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza ibi bice mu ngingo.
Garebox ifite iki?
Gearbox yerekana (gearbox ifite) - igice cya garebox yibikoresho byimodoka;kuzenguruka kwishusho imwe cyangwa ikindi, ikora nkibishyigikirwa bya shitingi nibikoresho bya garebox.
Ukurikije ubwoko bwayo, umubare wibikoresho, uburyo bwo kohereza itara hagati yibintu nigishushanyo, kuva 4 kugeza 12 cyangwa byinshi byubwoko butandukanye birashobora gukoreshwa muri garebox.Imyenda ikemura ibibazo byinshi:
● Gukora imirimo yinkunga kuri bose cyangwa gusa kugiti cyihariye (mubihe byinshi - bibiri bifasha kuri shitingi zose, mubisanduku bimwe byoroshye cyangwa byinshi bigoye - gahunda imwe yo kwinjiza shaft, inkunga eshatu kuri shaft ya kabiri, nibindi) ;
Gukora nkinkunga yibikoresho byashyizwe kumurongo wa kabiri (mumasanduku ya gare ifite ibyuma bisanisha hamwe nibikoresho byizunguruka byubusa kuri shaft ya kabiri);
Kugabanya imbaraga zo guterana muri shaft hamwe nibikoresho bifasha (kugabanya igihombo cya torque mugukwirakwiza, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwibice byacyo).
Gukoresha ibyuma byerekana neza neza ibice byimuka byimodoka kandi bigabanya cyane imbaraga zo guterana zivuka hagati yibi bice.Imiterere n'ibiranga ibyuma byerekana imikorere ya garebox, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kohereza no guhindura itara, kandi muri rusange byemeza ko ikinyabiziga kigenzurwa.Kubwibyo, kwambara kandi bifite inenge bigomba gusimburwa, kandi kugirango uhitemo neza ibyo bice, birakenewe gusobanukirwa igishushanyo mbonera, ubwoko nibisabwa.
Ubwoko, igishushanyo nibiranga ibikoresho bya gearbox
Mu binyabiziga, ibinyabiziga hamwe nandi masanduku yo gutwara abantu, ibyuma bisanzwe bizunguruka byubwoko bukuru bikoreshwa:
Umupira umwe wumurongo wa radiyo nu mfuruka;
Umupira wikubye kabiri-umurongo uhuza;
Roll Imirongo imwe yumurongo wa radiyo;
Roller conical umurongo umwe;
● Urushinge rwa Roller umurongo umwe n'umurongo wa kabiri.
Buri bwoko bwubwoko bufite ibiranga kandi bukoreshwa muri bokisi.
Imipira yumurongo umwe.Ibyinshi mubisanzwe bishobora gukoreshwa nkibishyigikirwa bya shitingi zose.Mu buryo bwubaka, igizwe nimpeta ebyiri, hagati yazo hari umurongo wimipira yicyuma mubitandukanya.Rimwe na rimwe, imipira iba yuzuyeho ibyuma cyangwa plastike kugirango wirinde gutakaza amavuta.Imyenda y'ubu bwoko ikora neza kumasanduku yimodoka yoroheje na moto, ariko rimwe na rimwe usanga no mubice bimwe byamasanduku yimizigo.
Imipira yumurongo umwe.Ubusanzwe ibyuma bifata imizigo ya radiyo na axial, bikoreshwa cyane nkinyuma yinyuma yibikoresho byibanze nicyiciro cya kabiri, mugihe mugihe cyo gukora garebox ishobora gukorerwa imizigo yerekanwe kumurongo (kubera kugenda kwa syncronizer hamwe nibishimangira mu bikoresho).Mu buryo bwubaka, guhuza impande zingana bisa na radiyo, ariko impeta zayo zirahagarara zibuza imiterere gusenyuka munsi yimitwaro ya axial.
Umupira wikubye kabiri-umurongo.Imyenda yubwoko irwanya cyane imitwaro iremereye, mubisanzwe ikoreshwa nkigikoresho cyinyuma cyibanze kandi rimwe na rimwe hagati yacyo.Mugushushanya, ibisa nkibi bisa numurongo umwe, ariko bakoresha impeta nini hamwe no guhagarara kumipira.
Kuzunguruka umurongo umwe.Ibyo byuma birashobora gukora munsi yimizigo irenze imipira yumupira, kubwibyo bikoreshwa nkinkunga ya shitingi zose ziri muri garebox yibikoresho byimodoka - amakamyo, romoruki, ibikoresho bidasanzwe, imashini zubuhinzi, nibindi. , ariko bakoresha ibizunguruka nkibintu bizunguruka - silinderi ngufi, hamwe nakazu, gashyizwe hagati yimpeta zifite imbere imbere.
Urupapuro ruhuza umurongo umwe n'umurongo wa kabiri.Imyitwarire yubwoko busanzwe ibona imitwaro ya radiyo na axial, mugihe irwanya imitwaro myinshi kuruta imipira.Imyenda nkiyi ikoreshwa cyane nkinyuma ninyuma yinyuma yibiti byose, imirongo ibiri yapanze ibyuma bikoreshwa mumugongo winyuma wibice byambere nubwa kabiri.Igishushanyo cyibi bikoresho bifashisha ibizunguruka, bishyirwa hagati yimpeta ebyiri zifite imbere imbere.
Urushinge rw'uruziga umurongo umwe n'umurongo wa kabiri.Imyambarire y'ubu bwoko, bitewe nigishushanyo cyayo, ifite ibipimo bito hamwe no kurwanya cyane imizigo ya radiyo - ibi bigerwaho no gukoresha umuzingo muto wa diameter (inshinge) nk'imibiri yo kuzunguruka, kandi rimwe na rimwe ukongeraho no guta impeta na / cyangwa akazu.Mubisanzwe, inshinge zikoreshwa nkibikoresho byifashishwa kuri shitingi ya kabiri, nkigikoresho cya kabiri (mugihe urutoki rwacyo ruherereye kumpera yinjiza), gake cyane nkibikoresho bifasha.
Gutwara umupira
Kuzunguruka
Ikariso
Urushinge rufite imirongo ibiri
Agasanduku gare gashobora gukoresha ibyuma byubwoko bumwe, cyangwa byinshi byubwoko butandukanye.Kurugero, muri KP Moskvich-2140 yashyizeho imipira itatu gusa ya radiyo - ifata shitingi yambere nayisumbuye, kandi intera yashyizwe mubisanduku byamazu idafite ibyuma na gato.Ku rundi ruhande, muri VAZ "Classic", ibiti ahanini bishingiye ku burebure bwimbitse bw’umupira, nyamara, urushinge rukoreshwa mu nkunga y’imbere y’igiti cya kabiri, kandi uruziga rwagati rushyirwa kuri radiyo () inkunga yinyuma) hamwe numupira wikubye kabiri (inkunga yimbere).Kandi mu dusanduku dufite ibikoresho bizunguruka ku buntu kuri shaft ya kabiri, gufata inshinge byongeweho bikurikije umubare wibikoresho.Muri buri gihugu, abashushanya bahitamo ibyo bitabo bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukora bwa shafts hamwe nibikoresho bya bokisi, bitewe n'imitwaro n'ibikorwa biranga igice.
Ibikoresho byose bya KP byakozwe hakurikijwe ibipimo bisobanura ibipimo n'ibiranga ibice, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ikoranabuhanga ryabyo n'ibiranga.Mbere ya byose, umusaruro ushingiye kuri GOST 520-2011 isanzwe ihuriweho no kuzunguruka, kandi buri bwoko bwo gutwara ibintu buhuye nuburinganire bwarwo (urugero, imipira isanzwe ya radiyo - GOST 8338-75, inshinge - GOST 4657-82 , imiyoboro ya radiyo - GOST 8328-75, nibindi).
Ibibazo byo gutoranya neza no gusimbuza ibyuma bya gearbox
Gusimbuza ibyuma byerekana ububiko
Nkibisanzwe, ibikorwa bisanzwe byo kubungabunga ntabwo bikubiyemo gusimbuza ibyuma byerekana ibyuma - ibi bikorwa nkuko bikenewe mugihe cyo kwambara cyangwa gusenya ibice.Gukenera gukora ibyo gusana birashobora kugaragazwa n urusaku rudasanzwe ndetse no gukomanga kuri garebox, guhita uzimya no kuzimya ibyuma, gukora nabi cyangwa gufatana hamwe, muri rusange, ibikorwa byo kohereza nabi.Muri ibi bihe byose, birakenewe ko usuzuma, kandi niba hagaragaye imikorere mibi, hindura imiterere.
Imyenda yubwoko nubunini byashyizwe kumasanduku nuwabikoze bigomba gufatwa kugirango bisimburwe.Guhitamo iburyo bukwiye bikozwe neza mubice kataloge cyangwa ibitabo byihariye byerekana, byerekana umubare wubwoko nubwoko bwibisobanuro byose byiyi sanduku, kimwe nibigereranyo byemewe.Urashobora kugura ibyuma bitandukanye, ariko mubihe bimwe na bimwe - kurugero, kubijyanye no kuvugurura cyane agasanduku - birumvikana kugura ibice byuzuye kubice runaka byikitegererezo.
Gusimbuza ibyuma mu bihe byinshi bisaba gusenya no gusenya hafi ya garebox (usibye ni ugusimbuza icyuma cyinjiza kiri mu dusanduku tumwe na tumwe, aho igice kigomba gusa gusenywa mu modoka, ariko ntigikeneye gusenywa. ).Aka kazi karagoye cyane kandi gasaba gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye (pullers), nibyiza rero kubyizera abahanga.Niba gusana agasanduku bikozwe neza kandi bikurikije amabwiriza, noneho igice kizahagarika guteza ibibazo, byongere imikorere nuburyo bwiza bwimodoka.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-26-2023