Muri moteri iyo ari yo yose ya piston imbere yo gutwika, urashobora kubona igice kinini cyimikorere ya crank hamwe nubundi buryo bujyanye nayo - flawheel.Soma byose bijyanye na flawheels, ubwoko bwabo buriho, igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere, kimwe no guhitamo, gusana no gusimbuza ibi bice muriki kiganiro.
Uruhare nu mwanya wa flawheel muri moteri
Flywheel (flywheel) - guteranya uburyo bwa crank (KShM), clutch na piston sisitemu yo gutangiza moteri yo gutwika imbere;Iherereye kuri shanki ya crankshaft ni disiki yicyuma ya misa nini ifite ibikoresho byimpeta, itanga imikorere ihamye ya moteri bitewe no kwegeranya no kugaruka kwingufu za kinetic.
Imikorere ya moteri yo gutwika piston imbere ntabwo iringaniye - muri buri silinderi yayo, inkoni enye zikorwa muri revolisiyo ebyiri za shaft, kandi muri buri nkoni umuvuduko wa piston uratandukanye.Kugira ngo ukureho ukuzenguruka kutaringaniye kwa crankshaft, inkoni imwe muri silinderi zitandukanye itandukanijwe mugihe cyagenwe, hanyuma ikindi gice cyinjizwa muri KShM - isazi ikozwe muburyo bwuruziga runini rwicyuma rushyizwe inyuma yigitereko.
Isazi ikemura imirimo myinshi yingenzi:
● Kugenzura uburinganire bwumuvuduko winguni ya crankshaft;
● Gukora ibishoboka byose kugirango piston ikure ahantu hapfuye;
● Ihererekanyabubasha rya torque riva kuri crankshaft muburyo bwa clutch hanyuma hanyuma kuri garebox;
● Ihererekanyabubasha rya torque kuva ibikoresho bitangirira kuri crankshaft mugihe utangiye amashanyarazi;
● Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwibice ni ugukuraho guhindagurika kwa torsional no kunyeganyega, gukuramo KShM no kohereza ikinyabiziga.
Iki gice, kubera ubwinshi bwacyo, cyegeranya imbaraga za kinetic zabonetse mugihe cyakazi cyakazi kandi ikagiha igikonjo kuri tronc eshatu zisigaye - ibi bituma habaho guhuza no gutuza kwumuvuduko wimpande za crankshaft, no gukuramo piston kuva TDC na TDC (kubera imbaraga zidasanzwe zivuka).Nanone, binyuze muri flawheel niho moteri ivugana nogukwirakwiza imodoka no kohereza itara riva mubikoresho bitangira amashanyarazi kugeza kuri crankshaft mugihe moteri itangiye.Isazi ya flawheel ningirakamaro kumikorere isanzwe yikinyabiziga, niba rero idakora neza, birakenewe gusana cyangwa gusimbuza byuzuye vuba bishoboka.Ariko mbere yo gutangira imirimo yo gusana, ugomba kumva ubwoko buriho, ibishushanyo nibiranga flawheels ya moteri yimbere igezweho.
Inteko ya Flywheel hamwe na moteri ya crankshaft
Ubwoko n'imiterere ya flake
Kuri moteri zigezweho, flawheels yuburyo butandukanye ikoreshwa, ariko ubwoko butatu bwibi bice burakwiriye cyane:
● Birakomeye;
● Umucyo;
Damper (cyangwa misa-ebyiri).
Igikoresho cyoroheje gifite flawheels ikomeye, ikoreshwa kuri moteri nyinshi ya piston imbere yaka - kuva mumodoka nto kugeza kuri moteri zikomeye cyane, mazutu na moteri.Ishimikiro ryigishushanyo ni icyuma gikozwe mucyuma cyangwa ibyuma bifite umurambararo wa cm 30-40 cyangwa zirenga, hagati yacyo hakaba hari intebe yo kwishyiriraho ku rubaho rwa crankshaft, kandi ikamba rikanda kuri peripheri.Icyicaro cya crankshaft mubusanzwe gikozwe muburyo bwo kwaguka (hub), hagati yacyo hari umwobo wa diameter nini, kandi hafi yizenguruko hari ibyobo 4-12 cyangwa byinshi kuri bolts, unyuzamo isazi. ni Bishyizwe kumurongo wa shaft.Ku buso bwinyuma bwa flawheel, hari ahantu ho gushiraho clutch hanyuma buri mwaka uhuza padi ya disiki ya disiki yashizweho.Ku mpande za flawheheel, hakoreshwa ibikoresho byimpeta yicyuma, aho, mugihe cyo gutangira, torque ihererekanwa kuva mubikoresho bitangirira kuri crankshaft.
Mubisanzwe, mubikorwa, isazi iringaniza kugirango ikumire mugihe moteri ikora.Iyo kuringaniza ahantu hatandukanye ya flawheel, ibyuma birenze bikurwaho (gucukura), kandi hagamijwe kuringaniza mumwanya runaka, clutch nibindi bice (niba byatanzwe) byashyizweho.Mugihe kizaza, icyerekezo cya flawheel na clutch ntigomba guhinduka, bitabaye ibyo hazabaho ubusumbane buteye akaga kuri crankshaft na moteri yose.
Isazi yoroheje ifite igishushanyo gisa, ariko idirishya ryuburyo butandukanye nubunini bikozwemo kugirango bigabanye ibiro.Gutoranya ibyuma bya flawheel kugirango ugabanye uburemere busanzwe bikorwa hagamijwe guhuza no kuzamura moteri.Kwishyiriraho isazi isa nkaho bigabanya ituze ryingufu zingufu muburyo bwinzibacyuho, ariko itanga byihuse umuvuduko mwinshi kandi, muri rusange, igira ingaruka nziza kubiranga ingufu.Ariko, kwishyiriraho flawhehe yoroheje irashobora gukorwa gusa muburyo bwo gukora indi mirimo yo gutunganya / kuzamura moteri.
Amashanyarazi abiri-afite ibishushanyo mbonera byinshi - birimo torsional vibration dampers na dampers zitandukanye muburyo bwo gushushanya nihame ryimikorere.Mubisanzwe byoroshye, iki gice kigizwe na disiki ebyiri (imbata na shobuja), hagati yazo hari torsional vibration damper - imwe cyangwa nyinshi arc (izunguruka mu mpeta cyangwa igoramye na arc) amasoko yagoramye.Mubishushanyo birushijeho kuba binini, hariho umubare wibikoresho byinshi hagati ya disiki, ikora nkikwirakwizwa ry’umubumbe, kandi umubare wamasoko ushobora kugera ku icumi cyangwa zirenga.Isazi ebyiri-nini, nkibisanzwe, yashyizwe kumutwe wa crankshaft kandi ifata clutch.
Ikirere cyorohejeft
Igishushanyo mbonera cya kabiri
Isazi ya damper ikora neza cyane.Disiki ya disiki ihujwe neza na flake ya crankshaft, yakira umuriro uva muri yo, kimwe no kunyeganyega, kunyeganyega no guhungabana bibaho mubihe byigihe gito.Umuriro uva kuri disiki ya disiki ujya kumugaragu unyuzwa mumasoko, ariko kubera ubuhanga bwabo, bakuramo igice kinini cyibinyeganyega, guhungabana no kunyeganyega, ni ukuvuga ko bakora imirimo ya damper.Nkibisubizo byiyi decoupling, disiki itwarwa, kimwe na clutch hamwe nogukwirakwiza bihujwe nayo, bizunguruka cyane, nta kunyeganyega no kunyeganyega.
Kugeza ubu, isazi ebyiri-nini, nubwo zishushanyije kandi zihenze cyane, ziragenda zishyirwa kuri moteri yimodoka namakamyo.Kwiyongera kwibi bice biterwa nubwiza bwakazi bwiza no kurinda kwanduza ingaruka mbi zituruka kumashanyarazi.Nyamara, isazi yubwubatsi bukomeye, bitewe nigiciro cyayo, kwiringirwa no koroshya, ikoreshwa cyane mumodoka yingengo yimari, traktor nyinshi, amakamyo nibindi bikoresho.
Guhitamo Flywheel, gusimbuza no kubungabunga ibibazo
Mugihe cyimikorere ya moteri, flawheel ikorerwa imitwaro ikomeye yubukanishi, mugihe rero, igihe cyose, imikorere mibi yose igaragara muri yo - gucamo, kwambara hejuru yubusabane hamwe na disiki itwara clutch, kwambara no kumena amenyo yikamba, deformations ndetse no kurimbuka kwuzuye (ibice byicyuma bigengwa nibi).Imikorere mibi ya flawheel igaragazwa no kwiyongera kurwego rwo kunyeganyega n urusaku mugihe gikora moteri, kwangirika kwa clutch, kwangirika cyangwa kudashobora gutangiza moteri hamwe na starter (kubera kwambara ibikoresho byimpeta), nibindi.
Kenshi na kenshi muri flawheels yuburyo bukomeye, igitera ikibazo ni ibikoresho byimpeta, kimwe no gucika no kumeneka kwa disiki ubwayo.Muburyo busanzwe bwa flawheel, ikamba rishobora gusimburwa, igice cyubwoko bumwe nicyitegererezo cyahagaze mbere bigomba gufatwa kugirango bisimburwe.Nibiba ngombwa, urashobora gukoresha ikamba rifite umubare w amenyo atandukanye, ariko gusimburwa ntabwo buri gihe bishoboka.Gusenya byimazeyo ikamba risanzwe rikorwa muburyo bwa tekinike - ukoresheje inyundo ukoresheje chisel cyangwa ikindi gikoresho.Gushyira ikamba rishya bikorwa no gushyushya - kubera kwaguka kwinshi, igice kizahita kigwa mu mwanya, kandi nyuma yo gukonjesha kizashyirwa neza kuri flawheel.
Muri flawhehe damper, imikorere mibi igoye ikunze kubaho - kumeneka cyangwa gusenya burundu amasoko ya arc, kwambara ibyuma, kwambara ibice bya disiki, nibindi byinshi. .Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, birashoboka gusimbuza ikamba hamwe nu biti, ariko nibyiza guha iyi mirimo abahanga.Gusuzuma ibyuka bya damper bikorwa haba kuri moteri no ku gice cyavanyweho.Mbere ya byose, inguni yo gutandukana ya flawheel itwarwa na backlash irasuzumwa, niba inguni ari nini cyane cyangwa, kurundi ruhande, isazi irahuzagurika, noneho igice kigomba gusimburwa.
Imirimo yose yo gusuzuma no gusimbuza isazi igomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza imodoka.Kugirango ugere ku gice, mubihe byinshi, birakenewe gusenya garebox na clutch, bijyana nigihe cyongewe nimbaraga.Mugihe ushyiraho flawheel nshya, birakenewe kwitegereza icyerekezo cya clutch, kimwe no gukoresha ubwoko bumwebumwe bwo gufunga kandi, nibiba ngombwa, ubwoko bwamavuta.Niba isazi yatoranijwe igasimburwa neza, noneho moteri no kohereza bizakora neza, bizeye gukora imirimo yabo.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-13-2023