Imodoka igezweho ni sisitemu yamashanyarazi yateye imbere hamwe nibikoresho byinshi byamashanyarazi kubintu bitandukanye.Igenzura ryibi bikoresho rishingiye kubikoresho byoroshye - amashanyarazi ya electronique.Soma byose kubyerekeranye, ubwoko bwabo, igishushanyo nigikorwa, kimwe no guhitamo kwabo no kubasimbuza, mu ngingo.
Icyerekezo cya electromagnetic ni iki?
Imashini itanga amashanyarazi ni ikintu cya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi;Igikoresho cya elegitoroniki yo kugenzura itanga gufunga no gufungura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mugihe ikimenyetso cyo kugenzura gikoreshwa uhereye kubigenzura ku kibaho cyangwa kuri sensor.
Buri kinyabiziga kigezweho gifite ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byateye imbere, birimo imirongo myinshi, cyangwa amagana yumuzingi hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye - amatara, moteri yamashanyarazi, sensor, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, nibindi. umuzenguruko ntukorwa muburyo butaziguye, ariko kure ukoresheje ibintu bifasha - amashanyarazi ya electronique.
Imashanyarazi ya electronique ikora imirimo myinshi:
● Gutanga igenzura rya kure ryumuriro w'amashanyarazi, bigatuma bidakenewe gukurura insinga nini ku kibaho cy'imodoka;
Gutandukanya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi hamwe no kugenzura amashanyarazi, kuzamura umutekano no kwizerwa bya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi;
Kugabanya uburebure bw'insinga z'amashanyarazi;
● Korohereza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi y'imodoka - ibyuma bikusanyirizwa hamwe mu gice kimwe cyangwa byinshi aho umubare munini w'amashanyarazi uhurira;
Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa relay bugabanya urwego rwumuriro wamashanyarazi ubaho mugihe uhinduranya amashanyarazi.
Imiyoboro ni ibice byingenzi bigize sisitemu y’amashanyarazi yikinyabiziga, imikorere mibi yibi bice cyangwa kunanirwa kwayo bigatera gutakaza imikorere yibikoresho byamashanyarazi kugiti cye cyangwa amatsinda yose yibikoresho byamashanyarazi, harimo nibyingenzi mumikorere yimodoka.Kubwibyo, ibyerekanwa bidakwiye bigomba gusimburwa nibindi bishya byihuse, ariko mbere yo kujya mububiko kuri ibi bice, ugomba kumva ubwoko bwabyo, imiterere n'ibiranga.
Imodoka
Ubwoko, igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya electronique
Imodoka zose zerekana, tutitaye kubwoko nibisabwa, bifite igishushanyo kimwe.Icyerekezo kigizwe nibice bitatu byingenzi: electromagnet, armature yimukanwa hamwe nitsinda ryitumanaho.Electromagnet ni uguhinduranya umuringa wumuringa wometseho uduce duto duto, ushyizwe kumurongo wicyuma (magnetique).Armature yimukanwa muri rusange ikorwa muburyo bwisahani iringaniye cyangwa igice cya L, gifatanye hejuru yimpera ya electromagnet.Inanga ihagarara kumurwi woguhuza wakozwe muburyo bwa plaque ya elastike hamwe n'umuringa uzungurutse cyangwa izindi ngingo.Iyi miterere yose iherereye ku rufatiro, mu gice cyo hepfo yacyo hari ibyuma bisanzwe bihuza, bifunze hamwe na plastiki cyangwa icyuma.
igishushanyoIhame ryakazi rya 4 na 5 pin relay
Uburyo bwo guhuza hamwe nihame ryimikorere ya relay bishingiye kumahame yoroshye.Icyerekezo kigabanyijemo ibice bibiri - kugenzura n'imbaraga.Igenzura ryumuzunguruko ririmo electromagnet ihinduranya, ihujwe nisoko yingufu (bateri, generator) hamwe numubiri ugenzura uri kumwanya wimbere (buto, switch), cyangwa kuri sensor hamwe nitsinda ryitumanaho.Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi urimo umwe cyangwa benshi bahuza relay, bahujwe no gutanga amashanyarazi hamwe nigikoresho cyagenzuwe / umuzunguruko.Icyerekezo gikora kuburyo bukurikira.Iyo igenzura rizimye, umuzenguruko wa electromagnet ufunguye kandi umuyaga ntuyigendamo, armature ya electromagnet ikanda hanze yimbere nisoko, imikoranire irakinguye.Iyo ukanze buto cyangwa uhindura, umuyoboro unyura mumuzunguruko wa electromagnet, umurima wa magneti uravuka hafi yawo, bigatuma armature ikurura intangiriro.Armature ishingiye kubitumanaho ikabihindura, ikemeza ko imizunguruko ifunga (cyangwa, kurundi ruhande, gufungura mugihe gisanzwe gifunze) - igikoresho cyangwa umuzenguruko uhujwe nisoko ryingufu hanyuma ugatangira gukora imirimo yacyo.Iyo electromagnet ihinduranya idafite ingufu, armature isubira mumwanya wambere munsi yimikorere yisoko, ikazimya igikoresho / umuzenguruko.
Imashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki igabanijwemo ubwoko bwinshi ukurikije umubare wabatumanaho, ubwoko bwihuza, uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho nibiranga amashanyarazi.
Ukurikije umubare wabatumanaho, ibyerekezo byose bigabanijwe muburyo bubiri:
● Amapine ane;
● Ibice bitanu.
Muri relay yubwoko bwambere hariho 4 gusa guhuza ibyuma, muri relay yubwoko bwa kabiri hamaze kuboneka 5.Mubisobanuro byose, imibonano itunganijwe muburyo runaka, ikuraho iyinjizwa ritari ryo ryiki gikoresho muguhuza.Itandukaniro riri hagati ya 4-pin na 5-pin nuburyo inzira zuzunguruka.
Imiyoboro ya 4-pin nigikoresho cyoroshye gitanga guhinduranya uruziga rumwe gusa.Guhuza bifite intego zikurikira:
● Imibonano ibiri yo kugenzura umuzenguruko - hamwe nubufasha bwabo, guhinduranya amashanyarazi birahujwe;
Contacts Imikoranire ibiri yumuzunguruko wahinduwe - zikoreshwa muguhuza uruziga cyangwa igikoresho kumashanyarazi.Iyi mibonano irashobora kuba muri leta ebyiri gusa - "Kuri" (ikigezweho kinyura mumuzunguruko) na "Hanze" (ikigezweho ntabwo kinyura mumuzunguruko).
Icyerekezo 5-pin nigikoresho gikomeye cyane gishobora guhindura imirongo ibiri icyarimwe.Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwubu bwoko bwa relay:
● Hamwe no guhinduranya imwe gusa mumirongo ibiri;
● Hamwe no guhinduranya guhinduranya imirongo ibiri.
Mubikoresho byubwoko bwambere, contact zifite intego zikurikira:
Guhuza ibintu bibiri byumuzenguruko - nkuko byari bimeze mbere, bahujwe no guhinduranya amashanyarazi;
Guhuza ibintu bitatu byumuzunguruko wahinduwe.Hano, pin imwe irasangiwe, naho izindi ebyiri zahujwe nizunguruka ziyobowe.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imikoranire iri muri leta ebyiri - imwe isanzwe ifunze (NC), iyakabiri irakinguye (HP).Mugihe cyo gukora relay, guhinduranya imirongo ibiri bikorwa.
Imodoka enye
Mu bikoresho byubwoko bwa kabiri, imibonano yose iri muri leta ya HP, iyo rero relay itangiye, imirongo yombi yahinduwe ihita ifungurwa cyangwa kuzimya.
Imirasire irashobora kugira ikindi kintu cyongeweho - kurwanya-guhagarika (kuzimya) résistor cyangwa diode ya semiconductor yashyizweho ibangikanye no guhinduranya amashanyarazi.Iyi résistor / diode igabanya ubwikorezi bwo kwinjizamo amashanyarazi ya electromagnet ihindagurika iyo uyisabye kandi ukayikuramo voltage, ibyo bikaba bigabanya urwego rwimikorere ya electronique.Imiyoboro nkiyi irakoreshwa muguhindura imirongo imwe ya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yimodoka, ariko mubihe byinshi irashobora gusimburwa nubusanzwe busanzwe nta ngaruka mbi.
Ubwoko bwose bwa relay burashobora gushirwaho muburyo bubiri:
Kwinjizamo gusa muri konte yo guhagarika - igikoresho gifashwe nimbaraga zo guterana amagambo mumaseti ya padi;
● Gushyira muri kaburimbo hamwe no gukosorwa hamwe - igitereko cya plastiki cyangwa icyuma cya screw gikozwe kumazu ya relay.
Ibikoresho byubwoko bwa mbere byashyizwe muri relay na fuse agasanduku, birinzwe kugwa ku gipfukisho cyangwa clamp zidasanzwe.Ibikoresho byubwoko bwa kabiri byateguwe kugirango bishyirwe mu gice cya moteri cyangwa ahandi hantu h’imodoka hanze yikigo, ubwizerwe bwo kwishyiriraho butangwa na bracket.
Imashanyarazi ya electronique iraboneka kumashanyarazi ya 12 na 24 V, ibiranga nyamukuru ni:
Vol Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (mubisanzwe volt nkeya munsi ya voltage yo gutanga);
Kurekura voltage (mubisanzwe volt 3 cyangwa zirenga munsi ya voltage ya actuation);
Current Umuyoboro ntarengwa mumuzunguruko wahinduwe (urashobora kuva mubice kugeza kuri amperes icumi);
● Ibiriho muri sisitemu yo kugenzura;
Resistance Kurwanya imbaraga za electromagnet guhinduranya (mubisanzwe ntibirenza 100 oms).
Agasanduku ka relay na fuse
Bimwe mubiranga (gutanga voltage, rimwe na rimwe ingendo) bikoreshwa kumazu ya relay, cyangwa nibice byayo.Na none kuri urwo rubanza hari igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana icyerekezo n'intego zacyo (mubihe byinshi, imibare yipine ihuye nimibare ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yimodoka yihariye nayo irerekanwa).Ibi byorohereza cyane guhitamo no gusimbuza amashanyarazi ya electronique.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza amashanyarazi
Imodoka zitwara ibinyabiziga zikorerwa imitwaro ikomeye yamashanyarazi nubukanishi, bityo bikananirana mugihe runaka.Isenyuka rya relay igaragazwa no kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho byose cyangwa imizunguruko ya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.Kugira ngo ukureho imikorere idahwitse, relay igomba gusenywa no kugenzurwa (byibuze hamwe na ohmmeter cyangwa probe), kandi niba hagaragaye icyuho, uzisimbuze ikindi gishya.
Icyerekezo gishya kigomba kuba cyubwoko bumwe nicyitegererezo nkuko byakoreshejwe mbere.Igikoresho kigomba kuba gikwiye mubijyanye nibiranga amashanyarazi (gutanga amashanyarazi, gukora no kurekura voltage, ikigezweho mumuzunguruko wahinduwe) numubare wabatumanaho.Niba hari rezistor cyangwa diode muri relay ishaje, noneho birakenewe ko bahari murindi rishya.Gusimbuza relay bikorwa mugukuraho gusa igice gishaje no gushiraho ikindi gishya mumwanya wacyo;Niba utwugarizo dutanzwe, noneho screw / bolt imwe igomba kuba idacometse kandi igakomera.Hamwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza relay, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byimodoka bizahita bitangira gukora
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-14-2023