Hafi ya moteri enye zose za piston imbere yo gutwika ifite uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gaze ishingiye kuri camshaft.Ibintu byose bijyanye na camshafts, ubwoko bwabo buriho, igishushanyo nibiranga akazi, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza ibiti, soma ingingo yatanzwe.
Intego ya camshaft nu mwanya wacyo mumashanyarazi
Camshaft (RV, camshaft) ni kimwe mu bigize uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gaze (igihe) cya piston ya moteri enye y’imbere yaka umuriro igenzura uburyo bwo guhanahana gaze;Icyuma gifite icyuma kibumbabumbwe cyerekana umwirondoro udasanzwe, cyemeza gufungura no gufunga imibavu kugirango winjize imvange cyangwa umwuka ushobora gutwikwa muri silinderi hanyuma urekure imyuka isohoka ukurikije kugenda kwa piston nigikorwa cya bose silinderi.
Igihe ni kimwe muri sisitemu nyamukuru ya moteri yo gutwika imbere, tubikesha, itangwa ry’imvange y’amavuta yo mu kirere (muri moteri ya carburetor) cyangwa umwuka (muri moteri na moteri ya mazutu) kuri silinderi iremezwa, kandi imyuka isohoka ni yarekuwe muri silinderi gusa mugihe cyasobanuwe neza.Guhanahana gaze bikorwa hakoreshejwe indangagaciro zubatswe muri buri silinderi, kandi gutwara no guhuza imirimo hamwe nuburyo bwa crank hamwe nubundi buryo bwumuriro wamashanyarazi bikorwa nigice kimwe - camshaft.
RV yahawe inshingano zingenzi zingenzi:
● Acuator (itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye binyuze mu bice byo hagati) byo gufata no gusohora;
● Kugenzura imikorere ikomatanya yigihe hamwe nubundi buryo bwingufu zamashanyarazi;
● Kugenzura gufungura no gufunga ibyinjira no gusohora bikwiranye nigihe cyagenwe cyagenwe (kubijyanye no gufata no gusohora imyuka kumurongo runaka wo kuzunguruka wa crankshaft ugereranije na TDC nintangiriro / iherezo rya stroke);
● Rimwe na rimwe, disiki yuburyo butandukanye hamwe nibigize, harimo nogukora icyarimwe hamwe nigihe (disike yamashanyarazi-ikwirakwiza, pompe yamavuta, nibindi).
Uruhare runini rwakinnye na RV ni ukugenzura imikorere yigihe cyagenwe ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cyibihe byiki gice cyingufu zihariye.Bitewe nigishushanyo kidasanzwe, camshaft itanga gufungura no gufunga indangagaciro zose mugihe gikwiye gusa, igashyiraho inguni zuzuzanya kuri stroke zimwe, nibindi. kubihagarika, igiti nkicyo gisaba gusimburwa ako kanya.Ariko mbere yo kugura igice gishya, ugomba gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwa RV buriho, imiterere yabyo nibisabwa.
Ubwoko, imiterere nibiranga amashusho
Muri rusange, RV ikorwa muburyo bwicyuma cya diametre ntoya, kuriyo ibintu byinshi:
Am Cams;
Gushyigikira amajosi;
Gear na / cyangwa disiki ya eccentricike yuburyo butandukanye;
Isogisi yo gushiraho disiki ya pulley / ibikoresho.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi bya camshaft ni cams, umubare wabyo muri moteri udafite uburyo bwo guhindura icyiciro uhuye numubare wuzuye wa valve (haba kumyuka no kumuriro).Ingamiya zifite imiterere-shusho itonyanga, iyo RV izunguruka, ingamiya ziriruka ziriruka zisunika, bityo zitanga moteri ya valve.Bitewe numwihariko wumwirondoro wa kamera, ntabwo gufungura no gufunga imibavu gusa bigerwaho, ariko kandi no kubigumya kumugaragaro mugihe runaka, bikuzuzanya bikurikije ibyiciro, nibindi.
Hejuru ya cams zose zahinduwe ugereranije nizindi, zituma imikorere ikurikirana ya silinderi yose ikurikije gahunda yagenwe kumashanyarazi runaka.Muri RV kuri moteri enye ya silindari, hejuru ya cam ya silinderi imwe ihindurwa na dogere 90, kuri moteri esheshatu - kuri dogere 60, kuri moteri umunani V ifite moteri - kuri dogere 45, nibindi. urashobora kubona ibintu bidasanzwe bitewe nuburyo bwo gushushanya moteri.
RV yashyizwe mubice cyangwa umutwe wa moteri hakoreshejwe ibinyamakuru byunganira mubyobo byabugenewe cyangwa ibitanda.RV ishingiye ku gutandukana (liners) cyangwa igice kimwe (bushings) kizunguruka cyakozwe mu mavuta adasanzwe hamwe na coefficient nkeya yo guterana.Imyobo ikozwe mubitereko kugirango itange amavuta ya moteri kubinyamakuru biva muri sisitemu rusange yo gusiga amavuta.Mugutwara kimwe mubinyamakuru (mubisanzwe imbere cyangwa inyuma), impeta yo gusunika cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyo gufunga bikozwe kugirango birinde kugenda kwa RV.
Ahantu hose heza ha RV, hashobora gushirwaho ibikoresho bya tekinike cyangwa eccentric kugirango bitware ibice bitandukanye.Hifashishijwe ibikoresho, gutwara pompe yamavuta cyangwa uyikwirakwiza mubisanzwe bigerwaho, kandi hifashishijwe eccentric, gutwara pompe yamavuta biragerwaho.Ku bwoko bumwe bwa RV, ibyo bintu byombi birahari, kuri moteri igezweho, kurundi ruhande, ibyo bintu ntabwo bihari na gato.
Imbere y'uruzitiro hari urutoki, kuri disiki ya pulley cyangwa ibikoresho byashizweho hakoreshejwe urufunguzo na bolt.Ikigereranyo gishobora gukurwaho nacyo gishobora kuboneka hano, gitanga kuringaniza kamashusho imbere ya pompe ya pompe eccentric cyangwa ibindi bice bitamenyerewe kuri yo.
RV igabanyijemo amatsinda menshi ukurikije uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho nubunini muri moteri imwe, ubwoko bwimodoka, gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwigihe hamwe nibiranga ibishushanyo.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho, amashusho yagabanijwemo amatsinda abiri yingenzi:
Gushyira mu buryo butaziguye muri moteri (moteri ifite uruziga rwo hasi);
Gushyira mumutwe wumutwe (moteri ifite uruzitiro rwo hejuru).
Mubisanzwe, ntakindi kintu cyongeweho mumashami yo hepfo, gusiga kwabo bikorwa kubera igihu cyamavuta mumurwango hamwe no gutanga amavuta mukibazo cyibinyamakuru byunganira binyuze mumashamba.Mu mwobo wo hejuru usanga hariho umuyoboro muremure kandi gucukura transvers bikorwa mubinyamakuru byunganira - ibi byemeza ko ibinyamakuru bisiga amavuta ukoresheje amavuta mukibazo.
Amashusho yubwoko butandukanye bwa moteri
Moteri irashobora kugira RV imwe cyangwa ebyiri, muburyo bwa mbere, uruziga rumwe rutanga disiki kuri valve zose, mugihe cya kabiri, uruziga rumwe rutanga disiki gusa kubifata byinjira, icya kabiri kubirindiro gusa.Kubwibyo, kuri RV yose, umubare wamashanyarazi uhuye numubare wimibande yose, kandi kuri buri RV zitandukanye, umubare wamashanyarazi ni kimwe cya kabiri cyumubare wuzuye.
RV irashobora gutwarwa n'umukandara, urunigi cyangwa ibikoresho bihujwe neza nibikoresho bya crankshaft.Uyu munsi, ubwoko bubiri bwambere bwimikorere bukoreshwa cyane, kubera ko moteri ya gare itizewe kandi igoye kuyihindura (bisaba gusenya cyane igice cyo gushiraho ibyiciro cyangwa gusana).
Hanyuma, RV zose zirashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda abiri ukurikije uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gaze aho bashobora gukorera:
● Kuri moteri ifite igihe gisanzwe;
● Kubice bifite igihe hamwe nibihinduka bya valve igihe.
Muri camshafts yubwoko bwa kabiri, hashobora kubaho izindi cams, zahinduwe kumurongo muto ugereranije na kamera nkuru - hamwe nubufasha bwabo, indangagaciro zitwarwa mugihe icyiciro gihindutse.Na none, iyi shitingi irashobora kugira ibintu byihariye byo guhinduka, kwimura igice cyose kuruhande, nibindi.
RV yubwoko bwose nubushushanyo bikozwe mubyuma cyangwa ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma, hejuru ya cam yicyuma RVs hiyongereyeho kuvurwa nubushyuhe (kuzimya numuyoboro mwinshi cyane), ingamiya yicyuma RV irahumura (guhumeka mukongera umuvuduko ukonje ya casting) - ibi bigera ku kwiyongera kwimyenda yo kwambara ibice.Igiti cyarangiye kiringaniye kugirango kigabanye ibicuruzwa, hanyuma noneho bigashyirwa kuri moteri cyangwa byoherejwe kumurongo wo kugurisha.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza kamera neza
Amashusho ashobora kwambara mugihe, chip hamwe nuburyo bukomeye kuri cams zayo, kandi mubihe bimwe na bimwe igice cyarangiritse igice cyangwa cyarangiritse rwose.Muri ibi bihe byose, igiti kigomba gusimbuzwa ikindi gishya.Aka kazi gasaba gusenya cyane moteri hamwe nibikorwa byongeweho byo guhindura, nibyiza rero kubishingira serivise yinzobere cyangwa imodoka.
Camshaft n'umwanya wabyo mugihe cyagenwe
Kubisimbuza, birakenewe gufata kamera gusa yubwoko nicyitegererezo cyashyizwe kuri moteri mbere.Akenshi, hagamijwe guhuza cyangwa kunoza imikorere ya moteri, shitingi ifite umwirondoro utandukanye hamwe na kamera ikoreshwa, ariko gusimburwa bigomba gukorwa nyuma yo gukora ibarwa ikenewe.Na none, hamwe nigiti, birakenewe kugura ibihuru bishya cyangwa imirongo, rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa guhindura pulley, ibikoresho byo kugabura ibikoresho nibindi bice.Imirimo yo gusimbuza igiti igomba gukorwa gusa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana moteri, nyuma yo kumeneka.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gusimbuza kamera, igihe cyose cya moteri kizakora cyizewe kandi cyizewe, cyemeze imikorere yumuriro wamashanyarazi muburyo bwose.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-13-2023