Imikorere isanzwe ya moteri irashoboka gusa mugihe crankshaft yayo idafite icyerekezo gikomeye cyo kwimuka - gusubira inyuma.Umwanya uhamye wa shaft utangwa nibice byihariye - gutera igice-impeta.Soma ibijyanye na crankshaft igice-impeta, ubwoko bwabo, igishushanyo, guhitamo no gusimburwa muriyi ngingo.
Niki crankshaft ishyigikira igice-impeta?
Umuvuduko wamavuta ya peteroli nikintu cyoroshye cyibikoresho nibikoresho byo gutabaza kuri sisitemu yo gusiga amavuta yo gutwika imbere;Rukuruzi yo gupima umuvuduko muri sisitemu yo gusiga no kwerekana ko igabanuka munsi yurwego rukomeye.
Crankshaft itera igice-impeta (ushyigikire igice-impeta, igikarabiro cyogejwe, igikonjo cya crankshaft gifite igice-impeta) ni ibintu byihariye bidasanzwe muburyo bwa kimwe cya kabiri cyerekana impinduramatwara ikora (gusubira inyuma, gukuraho) ya crankshaft yo gutwika imbere. moteri.
Muri moteri yaka imbere, ikibazo cyo guterana kirakabije, cyane cyane kijyanye na crankshaft - muri moteri isanzwe ya silindari enye, uruziga rufite byibuze ingingo eshanu zerekana (ibinyamakuru nyamukuru) hamwe n’ahantu hanini ho guhurira.Ndetse imbaraga nini zo guterana zishobora kubaho mugihe urwasaya rwa shaft ruhuye ninkunga.Kugirango wirinde iki kibazo, ibinyamakuru byingenzi bya crankshaft bikozwe mugari kuruta inkunga zabo.Nyamara, igisubizo nkiki gitera gukina axial ya crankshaft, ibyo bikaba bitemewe na gato - kugenda kwa axial ya shaft biganisha ku kwambara cyane ibice byuburyo bwa crank kandi bishobora gutera gusenyuka.
Kugira ngo ukureho gusubira inyuma kwa crankshaft, umutwaro ushyirwa kuri imwe mu nkunga zayo.Uku kwishyiriraho gutandukaniye kumurongo usanzwe nukuboneka hejuru yimitambiko yinyuma muburyo bwa cola, impeta zikurwaho cyangwa impeta igice.Ku matama ya crankshaft ahashyizwe ahabigenewe, haterwa hejuru ya buri mwaka - bahura nimpeta.Uyu munsi, moteri zose za piston zifite ibikoresho byo gusunika, mugihe ibice byose bifite imiterere nimwe ihame ryimikorere.
Ubwoko nigishushanyo cya crankshaft ishyigikira igice-impeta
Ubwoko bubiri bwibice bikoreshwa mukugabanya gukina crankshaft:
• Fata igice cy'impeta;
Gukaraba.
Gukaraba ni impeta imwe yashizwe mugushigikira ikinyamakuru nyamukuru cyinyuma cya crankshaft.Igice cya kabiri ni igice cyimpeta zishyirwa kumurongo winyuma cyangwa kimwe mubinyamakuru nyamukuru byo hagati ya crankshaft.Uyu munsi, impeta ya kimwe cya kabiri irakoreshwa cyane, kuko itanga ibyiza bikwiranye hejuru yimitambiko ya crankshaft kandi igashira cyane, kandi byoroshye gushiraho / gusenya.Byongeye kandi, abamesa barashobora gushirwa gusa ku kinyamakuru nyamukuru cyinyuma cyacyo, kandi impeta ya kimwe cya kabiri irashobora gushirwa ku ijosi iryo ari ryo ryose.
Muburyo, igice-impeta nogeshe biroroshye cyane.Zishingiye ku muringa ukomeye cyangwa kashe ya cyuma igice-impeta / impeta, ushyizwemo igipande kirwanya ubukana, kigabanya ubushyamirane hejuru y’urwasaya.Kurwego rwa antifriction, ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi bihagaritse (mubihe bimwe na bimwe bya radiyo) bikozwe mumavuta yubusa.Nanone, ibyobo hamwe nogukosora pin zuburyo butandukanye birashobora gutangwa kumpeta / igice cyimpeta kugirango wirinde igice guhinduka.
Ukurikije ibikoresho byo gukora igice cyimpeta ni:
• Umuringa ukomeye;
• Ibyuma-aluminiyumu - aluminiyumu ikoreshwa nk'urwego rwa antifriction;
• Ibyuma-ceramic - gutera umuringa-grafite ikoreshwa nkigice cya antifriction.
Umuringa igice cya kabiri
Icyuma-aluminium igice-impeta
Icyuma-ceramic igice-impeta
Muri iki gihe, ibyuma-aluminium na ceramic-metal igice-impeta ikoreshwa cyane, kandi akenshi bishyirwa muri moteri imwe kumpande zinyuranye zamakuru.
Igice cya kabiri gifite ubwoko bubiri bwubunini:
• Nominal;
• Gusana.
Ibice by'ubunini bw'izina byashyizwe kuri moteri nshya no kuri moteri yambaye bike ku buso bwa crankshaft hamwe n'inkunga.Gusana ibice byubunini bifite umubyimba wiyongereye (mubisanzwe mubwiyongere bwa mm 0,07 mm) kandi bikwemerera kwishyura indishyi zo kwambara hejuru yimitsi ya crankshaft ninkunga.
Igikoresho cya crankshaft gishobora kuboneka mubinyamakuru bitandukanye:
- Kuri kimwe mu binyamakuru byo hagati (muri moteri enye ya moteri - kuri gatatu);
- Ku ijosi ry'inyuma (uhereye kuruhande rwa flawheheel).
Muri iki kibazo, hakoreshwa impeta ebyiri cyangwa enye.Kubireba impeta ebyiri zimpeta, zishyirwa mumurongo wigifuniko cyo hepfo (igipfundikizo cyingogo).Kubireba impeta enye zimpeta, zishyirwa mumurongo wigifuniko cyo hepfo hamwe ninkunga yo hejuru.Hariho na moteri ifite kimwe cya kabiri cyimpeta cyangwa igikarabiro kimwe.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza crankshaft igice cyimpeta?
Igihe kirenze, shyira igice-impeta, nkibintu byose byoroshye, bishaje, nkigisubizo cyumukino wa axial ya crankshaft wiyongera.Igikorwa cyo gusubira inyuma (icyuho) cya crankshaft kiri hagati ya 0.06-0.26 mm, ntarengwa - nkuko bisanzwe, ntigomba kurenza mm 0.35-0.4.Iyi parameter ipimwa hifashishijwe icyerekezo kidasanzwe cyashyizwe kumpera ya crankshaft.Niba gusubira inyuma birenze urugero rwemewe, gusunika igice-impeta bigomba gusimburwa.
Ubwoko bwingenzi bwa diaphragm (diaphragm) ibyuma byerekana amavuta
Rukuruzi ni ubwoko bwitumanaho.Igikoresho gifite itsinda ryitumanaho - itumanaho ryimukanwa riri kuri membrane, hamwe numuyoboro uhoraho uhujwe numubiri wigikoresho.Umwanya wa contact watoranijwe muburyo kuburyo bwa peteroli isanzwe muri sisitemu imibonano irakinguye, kandi kumuvuduko muke barafunze.Umuvuduko winjira washyizweho nisoko, biterwa nubwoko nicyitegererezo cya moteri, kubwibyo ubwoko bwitumanaho ntibishobora guhinduka.
Rheostat sensor.Igikoresho gifite rheostat y'icyuma gihamye hamwe na slide ihujwe na membrane.Iyo membrane itandukanije nu mwanya ugereranije, igitonyanga kizunguruka kizengurutse umurongo ukoresheje intebe yinyeganyeza kandi kinyerera kuri rheostat - ibi biganisha ku guhinduka mukurwanya rheostat, kugenzurwa nigikoresho cyo gupima cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Rero, ihinduka ryumuvuduko wamavuta rigaragarira mubihinduka mukurwanya sensor, ikoreshwa mubipimo.
Mugihe uhisemo igice-impeta, birakenewe ko uzirikana ikintu cyingenzi: ntabwo ari kimwe cya kabiri cyimpeta, ariko nanone hejuru yimitambiko ya crankshaft igomba kwambara.Kubwibyo, muri moteri nshya, mugihe crankshaft itangiye kwiyongera, mubisanzwe birakenewe guhindura gusa impeta zishaje zishaje - muriki gihe, birakenewe kugura ibice byubunini bwizina.Kandi muri moteri ifite mileage ndende, kwambara hejuru yubuso bwa crankshaft biragaragara - muriki gihe, birakenewe kugura impeta zingana zingana.
Birakenewe guhitamo igice gishya-impeta yubwoko bumwe na numero ya kataloge nkiyakera.Ni ngombwa ko bubahiriza byimazeyo ibipimo byo kwishyiriraho, kandi bakagira igifuniko gikwiye cyo kurwanya friction.Cyane cyane ibihe byanyuma nibyingenzi kuri moteri aho igice cyimpeta zifite impuzu zitandukanye zo kurwanya friction zabanje gushyirwaho.Kurugero, kuri moteri nyinshi za VAZ, impeta yinyuma yinyuma ni ceramic-metal, naho imbere ni ibyuma-aluminium, kandi ntibishobora guhinduka.
Gusimbuza igice cyimpeta bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gufata neza no gusana imodoka.Kuri moteri zimwe, birakenewe gukuraho pallet no gusenya igifuniko cyo hasi cyikaraga, ku zindi moteri bizaba ngombwa ko dusenya cyane.Mugihe ushyiraho impeta nshya, birakenewe ko witegereza icyerekezo cyabo - igipfundikizo cya antifriction (ku biti bikunze gutangwa) bigomba gushyirwaho werekeza mumatama ya crankshaft.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gushiraho igice-impeta, gusunika bizatuma gukina bisanzwe bya crankshaft nigikorwa cyizewe cya moteri yose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-21-2023