Mubice byose byamashanyarazi bigezweho, burigihe habaho sensor ya crankshaft, hashingiwe kubikorwa byo gutwika no gutera lisansi.Soma byose kubyerekeranye na sensor ya crankshaft, ubwoko bwabyo, igishushanyo nigikorwa, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza ibyo bikoresho mu ngingo.
Intego nu mwanya wa crankshaft umwanya wa sensor muri moteri
Umwanya wa sensor ya Crankshaft (DPKV, sensororo ya syncronisation, reference sensor sensor) - igice cya sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike ya moteri yaka imbere;Rukuruzi ikurikirana imikorere iranga crankshaft (umwanya, umuvuduko), kandi ikemeza imikorere ya sisitemu nyamukuru yikigo cyamashanyarazi (gucana, ingufu, gukwirakwiza gaze, nibindi).
Imashini igezweho yo gutwika imbere yubwoko bwose kubice byinshi ifite sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ifata neza imikorere yikigo muburyo bwose.Ahantu h'ingenzi muri ubwo buryo hakoreshwa na sensor - ibikoresho bidasanzwe bikurikirana ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga moteri, kandi bigatanga amakuru mu ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike (ECU).Rukuruzi zimwe ningirakamaro kumikorere yingufu zamashanyarazi, harimo na sensor ya crankshaft.
DPKV ipima ikintu kimwe - umwanya wa crankshaft kuri buri mwanya mugihe.Ukurikije amakuru yabonetse, umuvuduko wa shaft n'umuvuduko wacyo ugaragara.Kwakira aya makuru, ECU ikemura imirimo myinshi:
Kumenya umwanya wa TDC (cyangwa TDC) ya piston ya silinderi ya mbere na / cyangwa kane;
● Kugenzura sisitemu yo gutera lisansi - kugena igihe cyo gutera inshinge nigihe cyo gutera inshinge;
Igenzura rya sisitemu yo kugenzura - kugena umwanya wo gutwika muri buri silinderi;
● Kugenzura sisitemu ihindagurika ya sisitemu;
● Kugenzura imikorere yibigize sisitemu yo kugarura imyuka ya lisansi;
● Kugenzura no gukosora imikorere yizindi sisitemu zijyanye na moteri.
Niyo mpamvu, DPKV ituma imikorere isanzwe yumuriro wamashanyarazi, igena neza imikorere ya sisitemu ebyiri zingenzi - gutwika (muri moteri ya lisansi gusa) no gutera lisansi (muri injeneri na moteri ya mazutu).Nanone, sensor yagaragaye ko yoroshye kugenzura izindi sisitemu ya moteri, imikorere yayo igahuzwa neza cyangwa itaziguye n'umwanya n'umuvuduko wa shaft.Rukuruzi idakwiye irashobora guhagarika rwose imikorere ya moteri, igomba rero gusimburwa.Ariko mbere yo kugura DPKV nshya, ugomba kumva ubwoko bwibikoresho, imiterere n'imikorere.
Ubwoko, igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya DPKV
Hatitawe ku bwoko n'ibishushanyo, ibyuma byerekana imyanya igizwe n'ibice bibiri:
S sensor Ikibanza;
Disiki nkuru (disiki ya sync, disiki ya sync).
DPKV ishyirwa mubintu bya plastiki cyangwa aluminiyumu, igashyirwaho hakoreshejwe agace kegeranye na disiki nkuru.Rukuruzi rufite umuyoboro usanzwe w'amashanyarazi kugirango uhuze na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'ikinyabiziga, umuhuza urashobora kuboneka haba kumubiri wa sensor ndetse no kumugozi wacyo w'uburebure.Rukuruzi rwashyizwe kumurongo wa moteri cyangwa kumurongo udasanzwe, iherereye ahateganye na disiki nkuru kandi mugikorwa cyo kubara ibara amenyo.
Crankshaft imyanya sensor kuri moteri zitandukanye
Disiki nkuru ni pulley cyangwa uruziga, kuruhande rwaho hari amenyo yumwirondoro.Disiki ishyizwe kumurongo kuri crankshaft pulley cyangwa kumano kurutoki, ibyo bikaba byerekana kuzenguruka ibice byombi hamwe numurongo umwe.
Imikorere ya sensor irashobora gushingira kubintu bitandukanye byumubiri n'ingaruka, ikwirakwizwa cyane ni ibikoresho byubwoko butatu:
Ind Inductive (cyangwa magnetique);
● Ukurikije ingaruka za Hall;
● Ibyiza (urumuri).
Buri bwoko bwubwoko bwa sensor bufite imiterere yihariye hamwe nihame ryimikorere.
Inductive (magnetic) DPKV.Hagati yigikoresho ni intoki ya magnetiki ishyizwe kumurongo (coil).Imikorere ya sensor ishingiye ku ngaruka zo kwinjiza amashanyarazi.Kuruhuka, umurima wa magneti muri sensor uhoraho kandi ntamashanyarazi uhari.Iyo iryinyo ryicyuma cya disiki nkuru ryanyuze hafi ya magnetiki, umurima wa magneti ukikije intangiriro uhinduka gitunguranye, biganisha ku kwinjiza amashanyarazi muri winding.Iyo disikuru izunguruka, isimburana ryumuvuduko wihariye ribaho mugusohoka kwa sensor, ikoreshwa na ECU kugirango umenye umuvuduko wa crankshaft nu mwanya wacyo.
Nuburyo bworoshye bwa sensor igishushanyo, ikoreshwa cyane kubwoko bwose bwa moteri.Ibyiza byibikoresho byubu bwoko nigikorwa cyabyo nta mashanyarazi - ibi bituma bishoboka kubahuza ninsinga imwe gusa yinsinga kubice bishinzwe kugenzura.
Icyuma cyerekana ingoro.Rukuruzi rushingiye ku ngaruka zavumbuwe n’umunyamerika w’umunyamerika witwa Edwin Hall hashize hafi ikinyejana nigice: iyo umuyoboro unyuze mu mpande ebyiri zinyuranye z’icyuma cyoroshye gishyizwe mu murima uhoraho wa magneti, voltage igaragara ku mpande zayo zombi.Ibyuma bigezweho byubu bwoko byubatswe kuri chip yihariye ya Hall ishyizwe murubanza rufite ingirabuzimafatizo, kandi disiki nkuru kuri bo zifite amenyo ya magneti.Rukuruzi rukora gusa: kuruhuka, hari voltage ya zero kumasoko ya sensor, mugihe amenyo ya magnetiki arenganye, voltage igaragara mubisohoka.Nkuko byari bimeze mbere, iyo disiki nkuru izunguruka, indi ntera ihindagurika ivuka kumusaruro wa DPKV, uhabwa ECU.
Inductive crankshaft imyanya sensor
Ubu ni sensor igoye cyane, ariko, itanga ibipimo bihanitse byukuri hejuru ya crankshaft yihuta.Nanone, sensor ya Hall isaba amashanyarazi atandukanye kugirango ikore, bityo ihujwe ninsinga eshatu cyangwa enye.
Ibyuma bifata amajwi.Ishingiro rya sensor ni ihuriro ryumucyo nuwakira (LED na fotodiode), mumwanya uri hagati y amenyo cyangwa ibyobo bya disiki nkuru.Rukuruzi ikora gusa: disiki, iyo izunguruka mugihe gitandukanye, irerekana LED, nkigisubizo cyuko umuyonga wa pulsed wakozwe mugisohoka cya fotodiode - ikoreshwa nigice cya elegitoronike mugupima.
Kugeza ubu, ibyuma bya optique birakoreshwa cyane, bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwo gukora muri moteri - ivumbi ryinshi, umwotsi mwinshi, kwanduza amazi, umwanda wo mumuhanda, nibindi.
Disiki isanzwe ikoreshwa mugukorana na sensor.Disiki nkiyi igabanijwemo amenyo 60 aherereye kuri dogere 6, mugihe ahantu hamwe ya disiki nta menyo abiri (sync ya disiki ya 60-2) - iyi pass ni intangiriro yo kuzunguruka kwa crankshaft kandi ikemeza guhuza sensor, ECU hamwe na sisitemu bifitanye isano.Mubisanzwe, iryinyo ryambere nyuma yo gusimbuka rihura numwanya wa piston ya silindiri yambere cyangwa yanyuma kuri TDC cyangwa TDC.Hano hari na disiki ifite gusimbuka amenyo abiri aherereye ku nguni ya dogere 180 kuri mugenzi we (sync ya disiki ya 60-2-2), izo disiki zikoreshwa mubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa mazutu.
Disiki nkuru ya sensor ya inductive ikozwe mubyuma, rimwe na rimwe mugihe kimwe na crankshaft pulley.Disiki ya sensor ya Hall ikozwe muri plastiki, kandi magnesi zihoraho ziri mumenyo yabo.
Mu gusoza, twibutse ko DPKV ikoreshwa kenshi haba kuri crankshaft ndetse no kuri camshaft, mugihe cyanyuma, ikoreshwa mugukurikirana umwanya n'umuvuduko wa kamera no guhindura imikorere mumikorere yuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gaze.
Kwinjiza ubwoko bwa DPKV hamwe na disiki nkuru
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza sensor ya crankshaft neza
DPKV igira uruhare runini muri moteri, imikorere mibi ya sensor iganisha ku kwangirika gukabije kwimikorere ya moteri (gutangira bigoye, imikorere idahwitse, kugabanuka kuranga ingufu, guturika, nibindi).Rimwe na rimwe, iyo DPKV yananiwe, moteri iba idakorwa rwose (nkuko bigaragazwa nikimenyetso cya moteri).Niba hari ibibazo byasobanuwe nibikorwa bya moteri, noneho ugomba kugenzura sensor ya crankshaft, kandi mugihe ikora nabi, kora umusimbura.
Ubwa mbere, ugomba kugenzura sensor, kugenzura ubusugire bwumubiri wacyo, umuhuza ninsinga.Rukuruzi ya inductive irashobora kugenzurwa hamwe nipimisha - birahagije gupima ubukana bwumuyaga, sensor ikora ifite intera ya 0.6-1.0 kOhm.Rukuruzi ya Hall ntishobora kugenzurwa murubu buryo, kwisuzumisha birashobora gukorwa gusa kubikoresho bidasanzwe.Ariko inzira yoroshye nugushiraho sensor nshya, kandi niba moteri itangiye, noneho ikibazo cyari mubyukuri imikorere mibi ya DPKV ishaje.
Kugirango usimbuze, ugomba guhitamo sensor gusa yubwoko bwashyizwe kumodoka kandi byasabwe nabakora imodoka.Sensor yizindi moderi ntishobora gukwira ahantu cyangwa gukora amakosa akomeye mubipimo, kandi, nkigisubizo, guhagarika imikorere ya moteri.DPKV igomba guhinduka hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana ibinyabiziga.Mubisanzwe, birahagije guhagarika umuyagankuba, gukuramo umugozi umwe cyangwa ibiri / bolts, gukuramo sensor hanyuma ugashyiraho bundi bushya aho.Rukuruzi rushya rugomba kuba ruri hagati ya 0.5-1.5 mm uhereye kumpera ya disiki nkuru (intera nyayo yerekanwe mumabwiriza), iyi ntera irashobora guhindurwa nogeshe cyangwa mubundi buryo.Hamwe nuguhitamo kwiza kwa DPKV no kuyisimbuza, moteri izahita itangira gukora, gusa mubihe bimwe na bimwe bizaba ngombwa guhinduranya sensor no gusubiramo kode yamakosa.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-13-2023