Muri moteri zose zo gutwika imbere, crankshaft hamwe ninkoni zihuza bizunguruka muburyo budasanzwe - imirongo.Soma ibijyanye na crankshaft liner icyo aricyo, imikorere ikora, ubwoko bwimirongo nuburyo butunganijwe, kimwe no guhitamo neza imirongo mishya yo gusana - soma ingingo.
Niki crankshaft?
Igikoresho cya crankshaft ni igice cyuburyo bwa crank ya moteri yaka imbere, icyuma gisanzwe kigabanya igihombo cyo guterana no guhuza ibice aho bihurira na crankshaft nigitanda cya moteri ya moteri kandicrankshafthamwe na piston ihuza inkoni.Imikoreshereze yimyenda isanzwe iterwa nuburyo bugoye nuburemere buremereye, munsi yikizunguruka (umupira cyangwa umugozi) byakora neza kandi byagira ibikoresho bigufi.Muri iki gihe, amashanyarazi menshi akoresha imirongo, kandi kuri moteri nkeya imwe imwe na moteri ebyiri, moteri izunguruka ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya crankshaft.
Imirongo ya crankshaft ifite imirimo yibanze:
• Kugabanya imbaraga zo guterana aho zihurira na crankshaft, blok ya silinderi ifasha no guhuza inkoni;
• Kwimura imbaraga na torque bivuka mugihe cya moteri - kuva guhuza inkoni kugeza kumutwe, kuva kumutwe kugeza kuri moteri, nibindi.;
• Gukwirakwiza neza amavuta (gushiraho firime yamavuta) hejuru yibice byo gusya;
• Gukosora neza no guhuza ibice ugereranije.
Imirongo ya crankshaft igira uruhare runini mumikorere yumuriro wamashanyarazi, ariko icyarimwe biroroshye cyane mubijyanye nigishushanyo.
Ubwoko nibiranga umurongo wa crankshaft
Crankshaft isanzwe igabanijwemo ubwoko ukurikije aho washyizwe, intego nogusana.
Ahantu ho kwishyiriraho, hari ubwoko bubiri bwimirongo:
• Abasangwabutaka;
• Guhuza inkoni.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi byashyizwe muburiri bwa crankshaft muri moteri ya moteri kandi bitwikiriye ibinyamakuru nyamukuru bya crankshaft, byemeza ko bizunguruka kubuntu.Guhuza inkoni isanzwe yashyizwe mumutwe wo hasi winkoni ihuza kandi igapfundikira ikinyamakuru gihuza inkoni ya crankshaft.
Na none, gushiramo bigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri ukurikije intego yabo:
• Ibisanzwe - tanga gusa kugabanya imbaraga zo guterana aho zihurira nibice;
• Gufunga ibyingenzi - byongeye kandi utange ikosora rya crankshaft muburiri, wirinde kwimuka kwayo.
Ibisanzwe bisanzwe biringaniye, biringaniye-bikikijwe n'impeta.Gufunga ibyuma birashobora gukorwa muburyo bwo gusunika igice-impeta (zikoreshwa mugushiraho umurongo utambitse) hamwe nimirongo ifite amakariso;Igice c'impeta gishyizwe kumpera ya moteri, imirongo ya cola yashyizwe kumurongo umwe cyangwa ibiri yigitanda cya crankshaft.
Imirongo ya crankshaft ishaje mugihe cyo gukora kandi igomba gusimburwa, ibinyamakuru bya crankshaft nabyo birashobora kwambara, ibyo bigatuma habaho kwiyongera hagati yikibice.Niba ushyizeho imirongo mishya yubunini buringaniye nubwa kera, icyuho kizakomeza kuba kinini cyane, cyuzuyemo gukomanga ndetse no kwambara cyane.Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, imirongo yiswe ibipimo byo gusana irakoreshwa - umubyimba wiyongereyeho gato wishyura kwambara ibinyamakuru bya crankshaft.Imirongo mishya ifite ubunini bwa 0.00, gusana ibyakozwe byakozwe hiyongereyeho umubyimba wa 0,25, 0.5, 0,75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5 mm, ibyo byinjijwe byagenwe uko bikurikirana +0.25, +0.5, nibindi.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya crankshaft
Igikoresho cya crankshaft kirimo ibintu byinshi, kirimo ibyuma bibiri bingana igice cyimpeta zitwikiriye rwose ikinyamakuru crankshaft (hejuru no hepfo).Hariho ibintu byinshi muri iki gice:
• Imyobo (imwe cyangwa ebyiri) yo kunyuza amavuta mumiyoboro ya peteroli mumashanyarazi no guhuza inkoni;
• Gufunga muburyo bwa spike cyangwa shobuja kumapine yo gutunganya ibyuma mubitanda bya crankshaft cyangwa mumutwe wo hepfo uhuza inkoni;
• Umuyoboro muremure wo gutanga amavuta kumwobo (bikorwa gusa kumurongo uri kuruhande rwumuyoboro - iyi ni yo miyoboro yo hepfo yo hepfo hamwe no guhuza inkoni yo hejuru);
• Muri cola itera umurongo - inkuta zuruhande (collars) zo gutunganya ibyuma no kugabanya ingendo ya axial ya crankshaft.
Umurongo ni urwego rwinshi, shingiro ryarwo ni icyuma gifite icyuma kirwanya anti-friction gikoreshwa hejuru yacyo.Iyi coating niyo itanga kugabanya ubukana hamwe nigihe kirekire cyigihe cyo kubyara, ikozwe mubikoresho byoroshye kandi, nayo, ishobora no kuba myinshi.Bitewe n'ubworoherane bwacyo bwo hasi, igipfundikizo cya liner gikurura microscopique uduce duto twa crankshaft, bikarinda kuvanga ibice, guswera, nibindi.
Mugushushanya, imirongo ya crankshaft igabanijwemo amatsinda abiri yingenzi:
• Bimetal;
• Trimetallic.
Ibikoresho bya Bimetallic byateguwe byoroshye.Zishingiye ku cyuma gifite uburebure bwa mm 0,9-4 (bitewe n'ubwoko n'intego by'igice, ibyuma nyamukuru birabyimbye, inkoni zihuza ni ntoya), kuri antifriction igizwe n'ubugari bwa 0.25- 0.4 mm irakoreshwa.lubricant ikomeye) kugeza kuri 75%, irashobora kandi kuba irimo bike bya nikel, kadmium, zinc nibindi byuma.
Usibye gutwikirwa kwingenzi kurwanya anti-friction, imirongo ya trimetallic ifite igipfukisho gifite uburebure bwa mm 0.012-0.025 mm (12-25 mm), itanga ibintu birinda (kurwanya ruswa no kwambara cyane kurwego rwibanze) kandi ikanonosora antifriction imico yo kwishyiriraho.Iyi shitingi ikozwe mu isasu-tin-umuringa ivanze hamwe na sisitemu ya 92-100%, amabati agera kuri 12% n'umuringa utarenze 3%.
Na none, ibice byinyongera birashobora kuboneka muburyo busanzwe:
• Hejuru yo gukingira amabati ni amabati asukuye afite umubyimba wa microni 0.5-1 gusa, utanga uburinzi bwo kwangirika, amavuta no kwanduza mugihe cyo gutwara, gushiraho no gukora muri liner;
• Igice cyo hasi kirinda amabati nigice kimwe gikoreshwa hanze yumurongo (ureba inkingi ya crankshaft cyangwa imbere mumutwe wumutwe uhuza);
• Nickel sublayer (inzitizi ya nikel, gasketi) - yoroheje, itarenze micron ya 1-2 ya nikel hagati ya antifriction nyamukuru hamwe nigitambaro.Uru rupapuro rwirinda ikwirakwizwa rya atome ya tin kuva murwego rwo hejuru rwingenzi, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko imiterere yimiti igize antifriction nyamukuru.Mugihe habuze inzitizi ya nikel mugipfundikizo nyamukuru, ubunini bwamabati bushobora kwiyongera, biganisha kumahinduka mabi mubiranga ubwikorezi.
Imiterere ifatwa yimiterere isanzwe ntabwo isanzwe, abayikora benshi batanga gahunda zabo zidasanzwe.Kurugero, ibinini byingenzi birwanya antifriction birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwicyuma bitaziguye, ariko binyuze mumurongo winyongera wa aluminium cyangwa umuringa wumuringa, igipfundikizo gishobora kugira ibihimbano bitandukanye, harimo nubusa, nibindi, nibindi.
Ibibazo byo guhitamo no gusimbuza imirongo ya crankshaft
Mugihe uhitamo ibyuma byoroshye, birakenewe guhera kuri moderi ya moteri, kwambara ibice byo gushyingiranwa no kuba hari ibyuma bisana.Nibisanzwe, imirongo ikorwa kumurongo umwe wicyitegererezo cyangwa na moteri imwe ya moteri, ntibishoboka rero kubisimbuza ibice biva mubindi moteri (usibye bidasanzwe).Na none, ntushobora gukoresha umurongo utitaye ku kwambara kw'ibinyamakuru bya crankshaft, bitabaye ibyo gusana bizahinduka ibibazo bikomeye.
Mbere yo guhitamo ingano yo gusana ibyuma, birakenewe kumenya imyambarire yikinyamakuru crankshaft nibindi bice bifitanye isano (ibitanda, guhuza imitwe yinkoni, nubwo bidakunze kwambara).Mubisanzwe, kwambara amajosi bibaho ku buryo butaringaniye, bimwe muribi bishaje cyane, bimwe bitarenze, ariko urutonde rwimyenda imwe igurwa kugirango rusanwe, bityo amajosi yose agomba kuba hasi kubunini.Guhitamo agaciro ibinyamakuru bya crankshaft bizasya biterwa no kuboneka kwingero zingana zingana na moteri yihariye.Kuri moteri ifite mileage nkeya, hatoranijwe ingano yo gusana +0.25 cyangwa +0.5, kuri moteri ifite mileage ikomeye, gusya kugeza kubunini bwa +1.0 birashobora gukenerwa, muri moteri ishaje ndetse birenze - kugeza kuri +1.5.Kubwibyo, kuri moteri nshya, imirongo yubunini butatu cyangwa bune bwo gusana (kugeza kuri 0,0,75 cyangwa +1.0) mubusanzwe ikorwa, kandi kubya kera, imirongo igera kuri +1.5 irashobora kuboneka.
Ingano yo gusana imirongo ya crankshaft igomba kuba nkiyi mugihe uteranije moteri hagati yikinyamakuru crankshaft nubuso bwacyo, habaho icyuho kiri hagati ya 0.03-0.07 mm.
Hamwe nuguhitamo kwukuri kwifata ryoroshye kuri crankshaft, moteri, niyo yaba mileage ndende, izakora neza kandi neza muburyo butandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2023