Amakamyo n'ibikoresho bitandukanye biremereye bifashisha sisitemu yo gufata feri ikoreshwa, igenzurwa na feri ya feri.Soma byose bijyanye na feri ya feri, ubwoko bwayo, igishushanyo nigikorwa, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza iki gice muriyi ngingo.
Umuyoboro wa feri ni iki?
Feri ya feri - igenzura rya sisitemu ya feri yimodoka ifite pneumatike;pneumatike valve itwarwa na pederi ya feri, itanga umwuka ucogora kubikorwa (ibyumba bya feri) nibindi bice bya sisitemu mugihe cyo gufata feri.
Ku makamyo no mu zindi modoka zifite ibiziga, sisitemu yo gufata feri ya pneumatike ikoreshwa cyane, iruta iyindi mikorere kandi yizewe kuri sisitemu ya hydraulic.Igenzura ryibice bya sisitemu bikorwa nibikoresho bidasanzwe - indangagaciro na valve.Imwe mu nshingano zingenzi muri sisitemu ya pneumatike ikinishwa na feri ya feri, inyuzamo feri yibiziga.
Umuyoboro wa feri ukora imirimo myinshi:
● Kugenzura niba umwuka wugarijwe mubyumba bya feri mugihe bibaye ngombwa gukora feri;
Gutanga "ibyiyumvo bya feri" (isano iri hagati yurwego rwa feri yimodoka nimbaraga kuri pedal, ituma umushoferi asuzuma neza inzira ya feri kandi agahindura iki gikorwa);
● Ibice bibiri byimyanya - kwemeza imikorere isanzwe yumuzunguruko mugihe umwuka uva mukindi.
Hamwe nubufasha bwa feri ya feri niho sisitemu ya feri igenzurwa muburyo bwose bwo gutwara, iki gice rero ni ingenzi cyane kubikorwa bisanzwe byimodoka.Crane idakwiye igomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa, kandi kugirango ihitemo neza ni ngombwa kumva ubwoko buriho, igishushanyo n’ihame ryimikorere yibi bikoresho.
Ubwoko, igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya feri ya feri
Imiyoboro ya feri ikoreshwa kumodoka igabanijwemo amatsinda abiri manini ukurikije umubare wigenzura:
- Igice kimwe;
- Ibice bibiri.
Feri ya valve hamwe na pedal
Crane igice kimwe gishyirwa kumodoka idakoreshwa na romoruki ifite feri yo mu kirere.Nukuvuga ko iyi crane itanga igenzura gusa sisitemu yo gufata feri yimodoka.Crane igizwe n'ibice bibiri ikoreshwa ku binyabiziga bikoreshwa na romoruki / igice kimwe na sisitemu yo gufata feri yo mu kirere.Crane nkiyi itanga kugenzura feri ya traktor na romoruki kuva kuri pedal imwe.
Na none, ibice bibiri bigize crane bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri ukurikije ahantu hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenzura ibice:
● Hamwe na leveri igenzura kuri buri gice - disiki ikorwa hifashishijwe ibyuma bibiri bifatanye bifite moteri imwe hamwe no gusunika kuri feri ya feri, muriki gikoresho ibice byigenga (bidafitanye isano);
● Hamwe ninkoni isanzwe kubice bibiri - gutwara ibice byombi bikorwa ninkoni imwe, itwarwa na pederi ya feri, muriki gikoresho igice kimwe gishobora kugenzura imikorere yicyakabiri.
Igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya valve zose zirasa muburyo bumwe, kandi itandukaniro riri mubisobanuro byasobanuwe hano hepfo.
Igice cya kane kigizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi: actuator, igikoresho cyo gukurikirana, gufata no gusohora.Ibice byose bishyirwa mubintu bisanzwe, bigabanijwemo ibice bibiri: mugice kimwe, kuvugana nikirere, hariho disiki nigikoresho cyo gukurikirana;Mu gice cya kabiri, gihujwe na fitingi kubakira (reseptors) n'umurongo wa feri ya feri, gufata no gusohora ibyuma byashyizwe kumurongo umwe birahari.Ibice byumubiri bitandukanijwe na diaphragm ya elastike (reberi cyangwa reberi), ikaba igizwe nigikoresho cyo gukurikirana.Acuator ni sisitemu ya levers cyangwa gusunika lever ihujwe na pederi ya feri ninkoni.
Igikoresho cyo gukurikirana cyahujwe neza na disiki ya valve na pederi ya feri, igizwe ninkoni nisoko (cyangwa piston yimiterere runaka), impera yinkoni iherereye hejuru yintebe yimukanwa ya valve isohoka - a umuyoboro washyizwe mu kirahure, nacyo kikaba gihagaze kuri diafragma.Hano hari umwobo mubirahuri bitanga itumanaho hagati yigice cya kabiri cyumubiri nikirere.Imyanda yo gufata no gusohora ikozwe muburyo bwa reberi cyangwa impeta iruhukira ku ntebe zabo.
Umuyoboro wa feri ukora muburyo bworoshye.Iyo pedal irekuwe, indangagaciro zitunganijwe kuburyo umurongo wakira wafunzwe, kandi umurongo wa feri umurongo uvugana nikirere - muriyi myanya sisitemu ya feri idakora.Iyo pederi ya feri ikanda, igikoresho cyo gukurikirana cyemeza ko umuyaga usohoka ufunga kandi na valve yinjira ifungura icyarimwe, mugihe icyuho cya valve hamwe na valve cyaciwe nikirere.Muriyi myanya, umwuka ucanye uva mubyakirwa unyura mumibande kugeza mubyumba bya feri - feri irakorwa.Niba umushoferi ahagaritse pedal mumwanya uwariwo wose, umuvuduko wumubiri wa crane, utandukanijwe nikirere, wiyongera byihuse, isoko yimashini ikurikirana irahagarikwa, intebe ya valve isohoka irazamuka, biganisha ku gufunga gufata valve - umwuka uva mubakira ureka gutembera mubyumba bya feri.Nyamara, valve isohoka ntifungura, bityo umuvuduko wumurongo wa feri ntugabanuka, bitewe na feri ikorwa nimbaraga imwe cyangwa izindi.Hamwe no gukanda kuri pedal, valve irongera irakinguka kandi umwuka winjira mubyumba - feri irakomeye.Ibi byemeza uburinganire bwimbaraga zikoreshwa kuri pedal nuburemere bwa feri, kandi, nkigisubizo, bitera "ibyiyumvo bya pedal".
Igishushanyo nigikorwa cyibice bibiri bya KAMAZ
Iyo pedal irekuwe, igikoresho cyo gukurikirana kivanwa mumibande, nkigisubizo cya valve yinjira ifunga munsi yimpeshyi, hanyuma valve isohoka ikingura - umwuka ucometse kumurongo wa feri ujya mukirere, ukabuza. bibaho.Iyo wongeye gukanda pedal, inzira zose zirasubirwamo.
Hariho ibindi bishushanyo bya feri ya feri, harimo na valve imwe gusa isimbuza gufata no gusohora, ariko ihame ryimikorere yibikoresho nkibi bisa nibisobanuwe haruguru.Mubice bimwe byibice bibiri, igice kimwe (hejuru) kirashobora kuba igikoresho cyo gukurikirana igice cyo hasi, ibikoresho nkibi bifite ubundi buryo bwo kwemeza imikorere yicyiciro cyo hasi mugihe nta gahato kari mu gice cyo hejuru.
Ibyuma bya feri, utitaye kubishushanyo mbonera nibisabwa, birashobora kugira umubare wibintu bifasha:
Light Guhindura feri ya pneumatike ni igikoresho cyo guhinduranya amashanyarazi ya pneumatike ivugana numuyoboro wa valve, iyo, iyo umuvuduko uzamutse (ni ukuvuga iyo feri) ucana itara rya feri yimodoka;
● Muffler ("fungus") ni igikoresho kigabanya urusaku rw'umwuka uhumeka mu kirere iyo imodoka irekuwe;
Drive Intoki zintoki - levers cyangwa inkoni ukoresheje ushobora gufata feri / feri imodoka mugihe cyihutirwa cyangwa kuyisana.
Na none kumubiri wa crane hariho urudodo ruyobowe rwo guhuza imiyoboro iva kubakira no kumurongo wibyumba bya feri, imirongo cyangwa imirongo hamwe nu mwobo uzamuka nibindi bintu.
Indangagaciro zirashobora gushirwa ahantu heza kuruhande rwibindi bice bya sisitemu yumusonga, cyangwa munsi ya feri.Mugihe cyambere, sisitemu yinkoni na leveri itangwa kugirango yohereze imbaraga muri crane, mugihe cya kabiri, pedal irashobora kuba iruhande cyangwa hafi kuri crane kandi ifite moteri yuburebure buke.
Ibibazo byo guhitamo, gusana no gusimbuza feri ya feri
Umuyoboro wa feri nimwe mubintu byingenzi bigenzura sisitemu ya feri, bityo ikenera kubungabungwa buri gihe, kandi niba hari imikorere idahwitse, igomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa vuba bishoboka.
Gusa ubwoko na moderi ya crane yashyizwe kumodoka mbere igomba gufatwa kugirango isimburwe, nibiba ngombwa, ibigereranyo bifite imiterere ikwiye (igitutu cyakazi nibikorwa), ibipimo byubushakashatsi hamwe nubwoko bwimodoka birashobora gukoreshwa.Gushyira crane nshya bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana ikinyabiziga, ibyuma bikenewe, ibikoresho bifunga kashe hamwe namavuta bigomba gukoreshwa mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho.
Crane ikorerwa buri gihe hakurikijwe amabwiriza yuwakoze imodoka.Buri TO-2 ikorwa nubugenzuzi bugaragara bwigice no kugenzura ubukana bwayo (gushakisha kumeneka bikorwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bidasanzwe cyangwa emulioni yisabune no gutwi), hamwe no gusiga ibice.Buri kilometero ibihumbi 50-70, crane irasenywa kandi irasenywa burundu, irakaraba kandi ikemurwa no gukemura ibibazo, ibice byambarwa cyangwa amakosa byasimbujwe bishya, mugihe cyo guterana gukurikiraho, ibintu bisiga amavuta hamwe na kashe biravugururwa.Muri iki kibazo, birashobora kuba nkenerwa guhindura valve ya stroke na actuator.Iyi mirimo igomba gukorwa ninzobere yujuje ibyangombwa.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gusimburwa, kimwe no kubungabunga buri gihe, valve ya feri izakora neza, itume igenzura neza sisitemu ya feri yikinyabiziga muburyo bwose bwo gutwara.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-14-2023