Mu modoka, bisi n'ibindi bikoresho bifite feri ikoreshwa na pneumatike, ihererekanyabubasha riva mu cyumba cya feri kijya kuri padi bikorwa hakoreshejwe igice cyihariye - icyuma gihindura.Soma byose kubyerekeranye na levers, ubwoko bwabo, igishushanyo nuburyo bukoreshwa, kimwe no guhitamo no kubasimbuza, soma ingingo.
Niki feri yoguhindura?
Guhindura feri ya feri ("ratchet") - igice cya feri yibiziga byimodoka ifite sisitemu yo gufata feri ikora pneumatike;Igikoresho cyo kwimura itara riva mucyumba cya feri ukageza kuri feri ya feri no guhindura (intoki cyangwa byikora) ikinyuranyo cyakazi hagati yumurongo wo guteranya amakariso hamwe nubuso bwingoma ya feri muguhindura inguni yo kwaguka.
Ibinyabiziga byinshi bigezweho bifite ibiziga biremereye hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye byimodoka bifite ibikoresho bya feri ikora pneumatike.Ikinyabiziga cyimikorere yashizwe kumuziga muri sisitemu nkiyi ikorwa hifashishijwe ibyumba bya feri (TC), inkoni yinkoni yayo ntishobora guhinduka cyangwa guhinduka mumipaka mito cyane.Ibi birashobora gutuma imikorere ya feri idahwitse mugihe feri yashaje - mugihe runaka, ingendo yinkoni ntizaba ihagije kugirango uhitemo intera yiyongereye hagati yumurongo ningoma yingoma, kandi feri ntishobora kubaho.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, igice cyongeweho cyinjijwe muri feri yiziga kugirango gihinduke kandi gikomeze icyuho kiri hagati yimiterere yibi bice - lever yo guhindura feri.
Guhindura lever ifite imirimo myinshi:
Guhuza imashini ya TC hamwe no kwaguka kugirango ugabanye imbaraga kuri padi kugirango ukore feri;
Kubungabunga intoki cyangwa mu buryo bwikora intera isabwa hagati yumurongo wo guterana hamwe nubuso bukora bwingoma ya feri mugihe cyagenwe (guhitamo icyuho hamwe no kwambara buhoro buhoro);
Guhindura intoki muburyo bwo gushiraho mugihe ushyiraho imirongo mishya cyangwa ingoma, nyuma yo gufata feri igihe kirekire mugihe utwaye imodoka kumanuka no mubindi bihe.
Turabikesha lever, icyuho gikenewe hagati yama padiri ningoma kirakomeza, ibyo bikuraho gukenera guhindura inkoni yicyumba cya feri no kubangamira ibindi bice byuburyo bwa feri.Iki gice gifite uruhare runini mugukora imikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu yo gufata feri, nkigisubizo, umutekano wikinyabiziga.Kubwibyo, niba leveri idakora neza, igomba gusimburwa, ariko mbere yo kugura igice gishya, ugomba gusobanukirwa igishushanyo, ihame ryimikorere nibiranga imiterere ihindura.
Ubwoko, igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere yoguhindura feri
Ubwoko bubiri bwo guhinduranya bukoreshwa ku binyabiziga:
● Hamwe nintoki;
● Hamwe nubushakashatsi bwikora.
Igishushanyo cyoroshye cyane ni levers hamwe nigitabo cyamaboko, gikunze kugaragara kumodoka na bisi yimyaka yambere yumusaruro.Ishingiro ryiki gice numubiri wibyuma muburyo bwa lever hamwe niyaguka hepfo.Lever ifite umwobo umwe cyangwa byinshi byo gufatira icyumba cya feri kumurongo.Hariho umwobo munini mu kwaguka kugirango ushyire ibikoresho byinyo hamwe nu mwanya wimbere, inyo ifite axis ni perpendicular kumubiri wa lever.Umurongo w'inyo kuruhande rumwe usohoka mumubiri, kuruhande rwinyuma hari impande esheshatu.Umutambiko ushyizweho kugirango uhindurwe nisahani ifunze, ifashwe na bolt.Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, umupira wumupira urashobora kuboneka muri lever - itanga gukosora umurongo bitewe no gushimangira umupira wibyuma mubice bya serefegitura.Hasi yumupira wumupira urashobora guhindurwa nu murongo uhagaze.Ahantu ho kwinjizamo ibikoresho bya gear-worm hamwe ninyo bifunze kumpande zombi hamwe nibifuniko byicyuma kumurongo.Kuruhande rwinyuma rwamazu hari kandi amavuta akwiye yo gutanga amavuta kubikoresho hamwe na valve yumutekano kugirango irekure amavuta menshi.
Impinduka zo guhinduranya hamwe nintoki
Imashini ihindura ibinyabiziga ifite igikoresho gikomeye.Muri leveri harimo ibice byinyongera - uburyo bwa kamera ya ratchet, kimwe no kwimuka kwimuka kandi bihamye bihujwe na axe yinyo, bigatwarwa nigisunika kiva kumutwe kiri kuruhande rwumubiri.
Lever hamwe nubushakashatsi bwikora bukora kuburyo bukurikira.Hamwe n’ikinyuranyo gisanzwe hagati yamakariso ningoma, leveri ikora muburyo bumwe nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru - ihinduranya imbaraga kuva kumutwe wa feri kugeza kumutwe.Mugihe amakariso ashaje, lever irazenguruka ku nguni nini, ibi bikurikiranwa nigitambambuga gishyizwe kumurongo.Mugihe cyo kwambara cyane kumurongo, leash irazenguruka kumpande nini kandi ihinduranya ibintu byimukanwa binyuze muri pusher.Ibi na byo, biganisha ku guhinduranya uburyo bwa ratchet intambwe imwe hamwe no guhinduranya bijyanye ninzoka yinzoka - nkigisubizo, ibikoresho bya spline hamwe no kwaguka knuckle axis ihujwe nayo irazunguruka, kandi ikinyuranyo kiri hagati yipadiri na ingoma iragabanuka.Niba intambwe imwe ihinduka idahagije, noneho mugihe cya feri ikurikira, inzira zasobanuwe zizakomeza kugeza igihe ibicuruzwa birenze urugero byuzuye.
Igikoresho cyo guhinduranya hamwe no guhinduranya byikora
Rero, lever ihita ihindura imyanya ya feri ugereranije ningoma nkuko imirongo yo guterana ishaje, kandi kugeza gusimbuza imirongo ntibisaba intervention.
Ubwoko bwombi bwibice bigize feri yimbere ninyuma, bitewe nigishushanyo mbonera, irashobora kugira umwobo umwe kugeza kumunani cyangwa irenga kuri lever kugirango ihindure neza feri muguhindura ikibanza cyinkoni ya feri cyangwa mugushiraho ibyumba by'ubwoko butandukanye.Kubera ko leveri ihura n’ibidukikije bidukikije mugihe ikora, itanga O-impeta kugirango irinde ibice byimbere amazi, umwanda, gaze, nibindi.
Ibibazo byo guhitamo, gusimbuza no gufata neza feri yo guhindura feri
Igikoresho cyo guhindura feri kirashira kandi ntigikoreshwa mugihe, bisaba gusimburwa.Birumvikana ko igice gishobora gusanwa, ariko uyumunsi mubihe byinshi biroroshye kandi bihendutse kugura no gushiraho leveri nshya kuruta kugarura ibya kera.Kugirango usimburwe, ugomba guhitamo levers gusa yubwoko bwashyizwe kumodoka mbere, icyakora, nibiba ngombwa, urashobora gukoresha ibigereranyo bifite ibipimo bikwiye byo kwishyiriraho nibiranga.Gusimbuza intoki zishobora guhindurwa nintoki zikoresha kandi ubundi akenshi ntibishoboka cyangwa bisaba guhindura uburyo bwa feri.Niba uteganya gushiraho leveri yubundi buryo cyangwa kuva mubindi bicuruzwa, noneho ugomba guhindura icyarimwe byombi kumurongo icyarimwe, bitabaye ibyo guhindura ikinyuranyo cyibiziga byiburyo nibumoso birashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye kandi hamwe no kurenga kuri feri.
Gushyira lever bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza iyi modoka.Nkuko bisanzwe, iki gikorwa gikorwa mubyiciro byinshi: lever yashizwe kumurongo wigitereko cyagutse (kigomba gutandukana bitewe nigikorwa cyamasoko), hanyuma umurongo winyo ukazenguruka isaha nurufunguzo kugeza urufunguzo kugeza umwobo kuri leveri uhujwe nuruzitiro rwinkoni ya TC, nyuma yaho leveri ifatirwa hamwe nigitereko hanyuma umurongo winyo ugashyirwaho isahani igumana.
Uburyo bwa feri yibiziga hamwe nu mwanya wo guhinduranya
Ibikoresho byubu bwoko birasa mugushushanya ibimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru, ariko bifite ibisobanuro birambuye - ihembe rigororotse ("ihembe"), kuzunguruka ("cochlea") cyangwa ubundi bwoko.Inyuma yihembe iherereye kuruhande rwa membrane, bityo kunyeganyega kwa membrane bituma umwuka wose uherereye mu ihembe uhinda umushyitsi - ibi bitanga imyuka isohora ibintu bimwe na bimwe byerekana, ijwi ryijwi biterwa n'uburebure n'ubunini bw'imbere bw'ihembe.
Ibisanzwe cyane ni ibimenyetso byoroheje "snail", bifata umwanya muto kandi bifite imbaraga nyinshi.Bidakunze kugaragara cyane ni ibimenyetso bya "ihembe", iyo binini, bifite isura nziza kandi bishobora gukoreshwa mugushushanya imodoka.Hatitawe ku bwoko bw'amahembe, izi ZSPs zifite ibyiza byose byerekana ibimenyetso byinyeganyeza bisanzwe, byemeza ko bizwi.
Igishushanyo cyamahembe yerekana amajwi
Mu bihe biri imbere, lever ifite intoki zigomba gukorerwa - muguhindura inyo, hindura intera iri hagati yikariso ningoma.Ikirangantego gifite ibyuma byikora bisaba kwifashisha intoki muburyo bubiri: mugihe usimbuye imirongo yo guterana kandi mugihe habaye feri ya feri mugihe kirekire (kubera guterana amagambo, ingoma irashyuha kandi ikaguka, ibyo bigatuma habaho kwiyongera - the lever ihita igabanya icyuho, ariko nyuma yo guhagarara, ingoma irakonja kandi iragabanuka, bishobora gutuma feri ihinduka).Birakenewe kandi rimwe na rimwe kongeramo amavuta kuri leveri ukoresheje amavuta (mbere yo gukanda amavuta ukoresheje valve yumutekano), mubisanzwe amavuta akorwa mugihe cyo kubungabunga ibihe ukoresheje amavuta yo kwisiga yibirango bimwe na bimwe.
Hamwe nuguhitamo kwiza, kwishyiriraho neza no gufata neza mugihe cya lever, feri yibiziga bizakora neza kandi neza mubikorwa byose.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-26-2023